← 返回单词列表

establish

★★★★
🇺🇸 /ɪstˈæblɪʃ/ 🇬🇧 /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/
verb 编号: E01437 牛津3000 BNC #576 COCA #896
establish 的核心意思是“把某事物稳稳立住”:可以指使事物稳定、创立机构、制定规则,也可以指证明事实并使其被认可。
💡 记忆钩子
想象把一根木桩牢牢立在地上:先是让事物站稳、稳定下来(s1),再把机构或制度立起来(s2),把规则正式钉死(s3),最后把事实钉得确凿、让人接受(s4)。
📝 学习建议
  • 学习时先掌握“建立、创立”和“证明”这两个最常见方向,再用“使……稳定”和“制定规则”补全意义范围。
  • 不要把它简单等同于中文的“建立”:说事实、观点或模式时,它常表示“证明并确立”,而不是创建一个实体。
📖 中文释义
verb
  • core 使稳定;使站稳
    📖 指让植物、习惯、关系、地位等逐渐稳定下来并站住脚,不再只是刚刚开始。例如植物成活并适应环境,也可以说它已经“站稳了”。
    💡 常用“establish + 植物、习惯、地位等”或被动结构“become established”。这个意义强调经过一段时间后变得稳定、牢固,不只是短暂存在;不要把它误解成单纯的“开始”。
    transitive
    The young tree became established after a year in the new garden.
    这棵小树在新花园里生长一年后站稳了脚跟。
  • core 创立;建立
    📖 指正式创办机构、组织、企业或制度,把原本不存在的事物立起来并使其持续运作。
    💡 常用“establish + 机构、公司、组织、关系”等结构,表示创立或建立;“establish oneself”则表示使自己在某个领域站稳脚跟。它比表示随意开始的词更正式,不能把所有“开始做某事”都替换成它。
    transitive
    They established a small clinic in the village.
    他们在村里建立了一家小诊所。
    The two countries established diplomatic relations last year.
    两国于去年建立了外交关系。
  • common 制定;正式确立
    📖 指由有权力的个人或机构正式通过法律、规章、政策或指导原则,使它们成为应当遵守的规范。
    💡 常用“establish + 法律、规则、标准、政策”等结构,主语通常是政府、机构或组织。这个意义带有正式批准和确立的意味;不要只在表示个人提出一个临时建议时使用它。
    transitive
    The school established new safety rules for science classes.
    学校为科学课制定了新的安全规则。
  • core 证实;确立为事实
    📖 指通过证据、调查或推理证明某个事实、观点或模式,使它被认为真实可靠。这里不是“创造”事实,而是把事实稳稳地确立下来。
    💡 常用“establish + 事实、原因、联系、模式”等结构,也可接“establish that + 从句”。它强调证据足以让人接受结论;不要把它误解为仅仅表示“提到”或“提出”一个观点。
    transitive
    The investigation established that the fire started in the kitchen.
    调查证实火灾是从厨房开始的。
    The study established a clear link between sleep and memory.
    这项研究确立了睡眠与记忆之间的明确联系。
establishes present,singular,third-person establishing participle,present established participle,past established past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 8 组
use as a basis for; found on
同义词集: establish base ground found
base a claim on some observation
下位: build
establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment;
同义词集: prove demonstrate establish show shew
The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound
The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture
反义: confute, disprove 上位: affirm, confirm, corroborate, substantiate, support, sustain 下位: contradict, negate, prove
institute, enact, or establish
同义词集: lay down establish make
make laws
上位: create, make 下位: mark, set
place
同义词集: install instal set up establish
Her manager had set her up at the Ritz
set up or lay the groundwork for
同义词集: establish found plant constitute institute
establish a new department
上位: initiate, pioneer 下位: appoint, constitute, fix, name, nominate
bring about
同义词集: establish give
The trompe l'oeil-illusion establishes depth
上位: create, make 下位: introduce
build or establish something abstract
同义词集: build establish
build a reputation
上位: create, make
set up or found
同义词集: establish set up found launch
She set up a literacy program
反义: abolish, get rid of 上位: open, open up
🌳 词源
词源可追溯到表示“稳固、稳定”的拉丁语词根,因此各义项都保留了“立稳、确立”的核心观念。
Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti Proto-Indo-European *sth₂éh₁yeti Proto-Italic *staējō Proto-Italic *staēō Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlomder. Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlis Proto-Italic *-ðlis Proto-Italic *staðlis? Latin stabilis Proto-Indo-European *-yétider. Latin -iō Latin stabilīre Old French establirbor. Middle English establissen English establish Inherited from Middle English establissen, from Old French establiss-, stem of some of the conjugated forms of establir (modern French établir), from Latin stabiliō, stabilīre, from stabilis (“firm, steady, stable”).
🔄 变式
established past establishes present establishing present
🏷 单词标签 & 词根