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emeritus
🇺🇸 /ɪmˈɛɹʌtʌs/
🇬🇧 /ɪˈmɛɹɪtəs/
emeritus 指“荣休的、退休后仍保留荣誉头衔的”,也可指拥有这种身份的人。
💡 记忆钩子
把一个人想成已经完成任职、离开日常岗位,却仍把原来的荣誉头衔带在身上:放在头衔后面时表示“荣休的”,单独作名词时表示“荣休者”,也可进一步指这个荣誉称号本身。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“荣休的教授、荣休校长”这一核心用法,再学习单独作名词的用法。
- 不要把它简单理解为普通的“退休”;它通常强调退休后仍保留原有职位或头衔的荣誉身份。
📖 中文释义
adj
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core 荣休的;退休而保留头衔的📖 指已经不再承担原职位的日常工作,却因过去的服务和资历继续保留该职位的荣誉称号。例如,荣休教授通常已经退休,但学校仍以教授这一头衔称呼他。💡 常用模式是“professor emeritus”或“emeritus professor”,表示“荣休教授”;女性常用 emerita,复数形式还可能写作 emeriti 或 emeritae。它一般放在正式职称中,不用于表示任何普通退休人员。not-comparable often postpositionalShe is now professor emeritus at the university.她现在是这所大学的荣休教授。The emeritus director still advises the organization.这位荣休主任仍然为该机构提供建议。
emerita
feminine,singular
emeriti
masculine,plural
emerituses
masculine,plural,rare
emeritae
feminine,plural
noun
-
core 荣休者📖 指已经退出日常工作、但仍因过去的职位或服务保留荣誉身份的人。这个名词用法把形容词中的“荣休的某某”浓缩成了“荣休者”。💡 常见模式是“an emeritus”或“several emeriti”,但为了清楚自然,实际使用中往往保留完整头衔,如“an emeritus professor”。它属于正式语体,不宜用来泛指所有退休人员。An emeritus from the department gave a talk to the new students.该系的一位荣休教师为新生作了讲座。
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rare 荣休头衔📖 少数情况下,emeritus 可不指人,而指授予退休者的荣休头衔本身;这一用法比指荣休者更少见。💡 通常只在谈论多个头衔或正式称号时出现,常见于复数 emerituses。日常表达中应优先使用完整职位名称,以免读者误解为人在说话。rare
emeriti
plural
emerituses
plural
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 2 组
honorably retired from assigned duties and retaining your title along with the additional title `emeritus' as in `professor emeritus'
同义词集:
emeritus
近似: old
a professor or minister who is retired from assigned duties
同义词集:
emeritus
上位: retired person, retiree
🌳 词源
源自拉丁语 emeritus,原意与“赚得、应得、服满任期”有关;名词用法由形容词发展而来。
The adjective is a learned borrowing from Latin ēmeritus (“(having been) earned, (having been) merited; (having been) served, having done one’s service”), the perfect passive participle of ēmereō (“to earn, merit; to gain by service; (military) to complete one’s obligation to serve, to serve out one’s time”), from ex- (prefix meaning ‘away; out’) + mereō (“to deserve, merit; to acquire, earn, get, obtain; to render service to; to serve”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mer- (“to allot; to assign”)).
The noun is derived from the adjective. The plural form emeriti is borrowed from Latin ēmeritī.
🔄 变式
emerita
singular
emeritae
plural
emeriti
plural
emerituses
plural
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