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eat
★★★★
🇺🇸 /ˈit/
🇬🇧 /iːt/
eat 的核心意思是“吃、摄入”,也可引申为消耗、侵蚀、使人烦恼,以及若干口语和俚语用法。
💡 记忆钩子
把某样东西“吃进去”就是让它进入自己并被消耗:人吃食物,项目吃掉钱,酸液吃穿金属,烦恼像东西一样在心里“啃”人。再往俚语发展,eat 还可以表示承担损失、挨子弹,或夸人表现极好。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“吃食物”和“吃掉资源”两条主线,再学习口语和俚语义项;不要把所有引申义都当作日常正式表达。
- eat 作名词时是口语说法,不等于普通正式用语中的“食物”或“饭菜”;s7、s8 等固定口语义也不能按字面理解。
- eat 的过去式是 ate,过去分词是 eaten;这是学习时需要单独记住的不规则变化。
📖 中文释义
noun
-
common 吃的东西;一顿饭📖 eat 作名词时,把一顿饭或某种可食用的东西看成“一次吃的内容”,常带有口语色彩。💡 常见结构是“a big eat”或“something to eat”。它多用于非正式谈话,不能在所有“食物”语境中自然替代普通的食物类名词;尤其在正式说明、菜单或学术文章中应谨慎使用。colloquialThat sandwich was a surprisingly good eat.那个三明治吃起来出乎意料地不错。
eats
plural
verb
-
core 吃;摄入📖 最基本的意思是把食物放入口中并摄入体内,也可以泛指某物被人吃掉。它是 eat 其他“消耗”类引申义的出发点。💡 常见结构是“eat + 食物”或“eat something for + 一餐”,也可以不带宾语表示进食。描述此刻正在吃东西时常用进行时;说习惯、安排或进餐时间时可用一般现在时。不要把 eat 和表示喝、品尝或吞咽的动词混用。ambitransitiveI usually eat a light breakfast before work.我通常在上班前吃一顿清淡的早餐。The children are eating apples in the kitchen.孩子们正在厨房里吃苹果。
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core 吃饭📖 不带宾语时,eat 可以只表示进行一顿饭或进餐这一活动,重点不是吃什么,而是吃饭这件事。💡 常见结构是“eat at + 时间”或“eat with + 人”,也常直接说“when do we eat”。这种用法适合谈日常安排和进餐时间;若要明确食物种类,则需要补上宾语。intransitiveWhat time do we eat tonight?我们今晚几点吃饭?
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common 吃起来;适合食用📖 主语是食物时,eat 可以表示这种食物吃起来具有某种特点,关注的是食用时的表现,而不是谁在吃它。💡 常见结构是“food + eat + like/as + 描述”,尤其用于说明某种食物吃起来像另一种食物或一顿饭。这个结构不如普通的 taste 或 be filling 常见,主要出现在口语和食物评论中。ergative intransitiveThis soup eats like a full meal.这汤吃起来就像一顿完整的饭。
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common 吃起来有某种效果📖 在描述食物时,eat 也可作较特殊的系动词,表示食物吃起来具有某种性质,常强调它是否顶饱、像不像一顿饭。💡 常见结构是“food + eat + like + 名词”,后面接的是对食物食用效果的比喻。它不是普通英语中最常用的表达,学习时应先掌握基本的“吃”,再把这种结构作为阅读和口语中的补充用法。copulative intransitiveThe beans eat more like a side dish than a main course.这些豆子吃起来更像配菜,而不是主菜。
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core 消耗;耗掉📖 这里把钱、时间、能源等抽象资源想成会被“吃掉”的东西:项目或活动不断吸收资源,使剩余量减少。💡 最常见的结构是“eat up + 钱、时间、资源”,也可用“eat into + 资源”表示逐渐侵蚀可用量。eat up 往往强调大量或彻底消耗,主语通常是项目、活动、设备或问题;不要把它误解成真的进食。often transitive with-upThe repairs ate up most of our savings.维修费用耗掉了我们大部分积蓄。This task is eating up all my time.这项任务占用了我全部的时间。
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rare 吞掉;处理掉📖 在计算机等技术语境中,eat 可比喻程序把错误、输入或数据吸收掉,使它不再显现或继续传递。💡 常见于“eat an error/exception”一类技术表达,通常带有程序悄悄吞掉问题的意味。它不是一般会话中的“使用”,学习者不要把这个义项随意扩展到普通物品。informal transitive
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common 使烦恼;使焦虑📖 把烦恼想成在心里不断啃咬的东西,所以“what’s eating you?”是在问“什么事让你这么烦、这么不安”。💡 最常见的结构是“What's eating you?”,这是非正式的询问句,通常对方显得烦躁或忧虑时使用。主语多为 what 或某件令人烦恼的事;不要按字面理解为询问对方正在吃什么。informal transitiveYou seem upset—what's eating you?你看起来很烦,是什么事让你这么不安?
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common 承担损失📖 在交易或责任关系中,eat 表示把本来可以转给别人的损失或费用自己承担,就像把这笔损失吞下去。💡 常见结构是“eat the cost/loss”或“have to eat + 金额”,多用于非正式商业谈话。它通常表示不再向别人追偿或只能自己承担后果,并不表示主动购买或支付普通账单。transitiveIf the client cancels, we'll have to eat the cost.如果客户取消,我们就只能自己承担这笔费用。
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rare 挨中;被击伤或击毙📖 俚语中,eat 可表示人被子弹等击中,甚至因此受伤或死亡,带有把攻击“吃下去”的粗俗比喻色彩。💡 常见于犯罪、战争或动作题材的俚语叙述,语气粗鲁且不适合正式场合。宾语通常是子弹、打击等造成伤害的东西;不要把它当作普通的“遭遇”来使用。slang transitive
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common 腐蚀;侵蚀📖 酸、化学物质或环境因素会像吃东西一样一点点消耗材料,因此 eat 可表示腐蚀、侵蚀或穿透某物。💡 常见结构是“acid/chemicals eat away at + 表面”或“eat through + 材料”。eat away at 强调逐渐削弱,eat through 强调最终穿透;主语通常是酸、锈、盐水等具有腐蚀性的东西。ambitransitiveSalt water has eaten away at the metal railing.盐水已经把金属栏杆腐蚀得很厉害。
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rare 为某人进行口交📖 这是粗俗俚语,把口部的性行为用“吃”来隐喻,表示为某人或某个身体部位进行口交。💡 这类表达高度露骨,常带挑衅或侮辱意味,不适合一般社交和正式场合。学习时只需识别其含义和冒犯性,不要把它当作基本动词的普通搭配。slang transitive
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common 表现得极好;大获成功📖 近年的俚语中,eat 可表示某人把表现“吃得很干净”、完全拿捏住了,因此引申为表现出色、让人惊艳。💡 常见结构是“you ate”或“you ate that + 表演/任务”,主要用于非正式网络、朋友交谈和流行文化语境。它通常是称赞,不是说对方真的吃了某物;正式写作中应换成普通的“表现出色”等表达。slang stativeYou ate that dance routine!你把那段舞跳得太棒了!
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rare 吞并;占并📖 俚语中可把占领或吞并某片地方说成把它“吃掉”,表示一个组织或势力把范围扩张到那里。💡 这种用法很少见,通常依赖特定语境或夸张的俚语风格。正式谈论领土、组织或资产时,不要用 eat 代替表示吞并或合并的正式动词。slang transitive
eats
present,singular,third-person
eating
participle,present
ate
past
et
dialectal,past
eat
obsolete,past
eaten
participle,past
etten
dialectal,participle,past
ate
nonstandard,participle,past
eat
first-person,present,singular
ate
first-person,past,singular
et
dialectal,first-person,past,singular
eat
archaic,first-person,past,singular
eat
present,second-person,singular
eatest
archaic,present,second-person,singular
ate
past,second-person,singular
et
dialectal,past,second-person,singular
eat
archaic,past,second-person,singular
atest
archaic,past,second-person,singular
eateth
archaic,present,singular,third-person
ate
past,singular,third-person
et
dialectal,past,singular,third-person
eat
archaic,past,singular,third-person
eat
plural,present
ate
past,plural
et
dialectal,past,plural
eat
archaic,past,plural
eat
present,subjunctive
ate
past,subjunctive
et
dialectal,past,subjunctive
eat
archaic,past,subjunctive
eat
imperative,present
-
imperative,past
eat
archaic,participle,past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 6 组
cause to deteriorate due to the action of water, air, or an acid;
同义词集:
corrode
eat
rust
The acid corroded the metal
The steady dripping of water rusted the metal stopper in the sink
上位: damage
use up (resources or materials); ;
同义词集:
consume
eat up
use up
eat
deplete
exhaust
run through
wipe out
this car consumes a lot of gas
We exhausted our savings
They run through 20 bottles of wine a week
上位: drop, expend, spend
下位: burn, burn off, burn up, drain, exhaust, indulge, luxuriate, play out, run down, sap, spend, tire
eat a meal; take a meal;
同义词集:
eat
We did not eat until 10 P.M. because there were so many phone calls
I didn't eat yet, so I gladly accept your invitation
上位: consume, have, ingest, take, take in
下位: banquet, binge, breakfast, brunch, dine, englut, engorge, feast, glut, gorge, gormandise, gormandize, gourmandize, ingurgitate, junket, lunch, mess, nosh, overeat, overgorge, overindulge, picnic, pig out, satiate, scarf out, snack, stuff
参见: eat up, finish, polish off
take in solid food;
同义词集:
eat
She was eating a banana
What did you eat for dinner last night?
上位: consume, have, ingest, take, take in
下位: bolt, devour, eat up, fare, fill, fill up, finish, gobble, guttle, nibble, peck, peck at, pick, pick at, pick up, piece, pig, polish off, raven, wolf, wolf down
take in food; used of animals only;
同义词集:
feed
eat
This dog doesn't eat certain kinds of meat
What do whales eat?
上位: consume, have, ingest, take, take in
下位: browse, crop, forage, graze, pasture, range, raven
worry or cause anxiety in a persistent way
同义词集:
eat
eat on
What's eating you?
上位: vex, worry
🌳 词源
动词 eat 源自古英语 etan,名词 eat 源自古英语表示“食物、进食”的词,最终都与“吃”这一古老词根有关。
From Middle English eten, from Old English etan (“to eat”), from Proto-West Germanic *etan, from Proto-Germanic *etaną (“to eat”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁édti, from *h₁ed- (“to eat”).
Cognates
Cognate with Scots ait (“to eat”), Yola ayth, eight (“to eat”), North Frisian iidj, iit, ää'e, ääre, ääse (“to eat”), Saterland Frisian iete, íete (“to eat”), West Frisian ite (“to eat”), Alemannic German asse, assu, essen, ässe, ässä (“to eat”), Bavarian eisn, essn, èssn (“to eat”), Cimbrian èssan, èzzan (“to eat”), Dutch and Low German eten (“to eat”), German essen (“to eat”), Luxembourgish iessen (“to eat”), Mòcheno èssn (“to eat”), Vilamovian aosa (“to eat”), Yiddish עסן (esn, “to eat”), Danish æde (“to eat”), Elfdalian jätå (“to eat”), Faroese eta (“to eat”), Icelandic eta, éta (“to eat”), Norwegian Bokmål ete (“to eat”), Norwegian Nynorsk eta, ete, åtå (“to eat”), Swedish äta (“to eat”), Gothic 𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (itan, “to eat”).
🔄 变式
-
imperat
ate
1st_sg
atest
archaic
eaten
past
eatest
archaic
eateth
archaic
eating
present
eats
plural
et
dialect
etten
dialect
🏷 单词标签 & 词根