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dull

★★
🇺🇸 /dˈʌl/ 🇬🇧 /dʌl/
adj 编号: D02596 牛津3000 BNC #3799 COCA #5094
dull 主要表示“失去锋利、光泽、活力或清晰度”,可根据语境描述刀具、颜色、声音、天气、感觉和人的状态;也可作动词表示使某物变钝、变暗或减弱。
💡 记忆钩子
把 dull 想成一盏逐渐失去光的灯:刀刃失去“锋利的光”,颜色失去“明亮的光”,讲座和人的反应失去“活力”,声音和疼痛则失去“清晰或强烈的光”。因此它的核心不是单纯的“无聊”,而是各种强度、清晰度和活力变低;作动词时就是把这些东西弄得变钝、变暗或减弱。
📝 学习建议
  • 先掌握“刀具不锋利”“无聊”“暗淡”这三个高频义项,再扩展到疼痛、声音和人的状态。
  • 不要把 dull 一律理解成“愚蠢”;形容人时可以指理解慢,但日常语境中更常指无聊、没精神或沉闷。
📖 中文释义
adj
  • core 不锋利的
    📖 指刀、剪刀等边缘不再容易切开东西,像磨损后失去了原来的锋利感。
    💡 常用结构是“dull + 刀具名词”,也可说“a dull edge”。它通常描述工具的切割能力,不是说工具坏了或不能使用;中文学习者不要把它只译成“钝的”,还要根据对象理解为“不锋利的”。
    These kitchen knives are too dull to cut the tomatoes cleanly.
    这些厨刀太钝了,没法利落地切番茄。
    I sharpened the dull blade before cooking.
    做饭前我把钝了的刀刃磨利了。
  • core 无聊乏味的
    📖 指活动、谈话或内容缺少趣味和刺激,让人难以投入,仿佛灯光变暗后什么都不吸引人。
    💡 常见结构是“a dull lecture/story/movie”或“find something dull”。它通常形容事物本身无趣,不等于说听者当时感到无聊;表达人的感受时更自然地用“feel bored”。
    The meeting was so dull that several people checked their phones.
    会议无聊得让好几个人都拿出手机看了。
    I found the book dull after the first few chapters.
    读了头几章后,我觉得这本书很乏味。
  • core 暗淡无光的
    📖 指表面没有明亮的光泽,呈哑光或灰暗效果;这里是光泽变弱,而不是颜色一定变成黑色。
    💡 常见结构是“dull + 颜色/表面/光泽名词”,如描述布料、金属或油漆。它常与“shiny”“bright”相对;说“dull color”时重点是颜色不鲜亮,不一定表示颜色很难看。
    The old silver has a dull surface instead of a bright shine.
    这块旧银器表面暗淡,没有明亮的光泽。
  • common 迟钝的;不聪明的
    📖 形容人理解或反应较慢,像思维的光变暗了;这个义项带有贬义,使用时要注意礼貌。
    💡 常见结构是“be dull”或“a dull student”,但直接评价某人时可能显得冒犯。它不等于“没有受过教育”,也不一定表示完全不能理解;正式或友善表达中可改说“slow to understand”。
    He is not dull; he simply needs more time to understand new ideas.
    他并不愚钝,只是理解新想法需要更多时间。
  • common 无精打采的
    📖 指人反应慢、缺乏活力,身体或精神像失去了亮度。
    💡 常见结构是“feel dull”或“look dull”,通常描述暂时的精神状态。它和“tired”有关但不完全相同:dull 更强调缺少活力和反应;不要在所有“累”的场合都用它。
    I felt dull and unfocused after sleeping badly.
    没睡好后,我感到无精打采,注意力也不集中。
  • common 闷闷不乐的
    📖 指人情绪低落、提不起精神,整天像笼罩在暗淡的光线里。
    💡 常见结构是“feel dull”或“a dull mood”。它描述低落、沉闷的心情,不是强烈的悲伤或临床意义上的抑郁;如果只是说事情无趣,应使用前面的“乏味”义项。
    The house felt dull without the children in it.
    孩子们不在家时,屋子里显得沉闷冷清。
  • common 阴沉的
    📖 形容天空或天气多云、缺少阳光,整体显得灰暗。
    💡 常见结构是“a dull day/afternoon”或“dull weather”。这个用法通常是中性地描述天气,不表示天气一定下雨;谈天气时也可用“cloudy”,但 dull 更突出灰暗、缺少阳光的感觉。
    It was a dull gray morning, but the rain held off.
    那是一个阴沉的灰色早晨,但一直没有下雨。
  • rare 麻木无情的
    📖 指人对事情没有感觉或缺少同情,仿佛内心的感受变得迟钝。
    💡 常见结构是“be dull to + 名词”,但这种用法较书面或陈旧。现代日常英语中通常改用“insensitive”或“unfeeling”;不要把它误解为单纯的“反应慢”。
  • rare 沉重无生气的
    📖 指物体或景象显得沉重、死气沉沉,缺少轻快或鲜活的感觉。
    💡 常见于文学性搭配“dull earth”等,日常会话中不常单独使用。现代表达通常会根据具体对象改用“lifeless”“heavy”或“drab”;不要把这个义项当作普通的“重”。
  • common 隐约而不强烈的
    📖 指感觉存在但不尖锐、不清楚,像光线变暗后只剩模糊的感觉。
    💡 最常见结构是“a dull pain/ache”,也可用于其他不鲜明的感觉。它通常表示持续、隐隐作痛,而不是突然的剧痛;不要把“dull pain”译成“迟钝的疼痛”而忽略其“隐痛”含义。
    I have a dull ache in my shoulder after carrying the bags.
    提完这些袋子后,我的肩膀隐隐作痛。
  • common 低沉含混的
    📖 形容声音不清亮、像被什么挡住,听起来低沉而模糊。
    💡 常见结构是“a dull sound/noise”或“a dull thud”。它强调声音的音色和清晰度,不是说声音一定很小;描述听不清内容时,应另用“unclear”或“muffled”。
    We heard a dull thud from the room upstairs.
    我们听到楼上房间传来一声低沉的闷响。
duller comparative dullest superlative
name
  • rare 姓氏
    📖 Dull 可作为苏格兰或德国来源的英语姓氏使用,这时只是姓名的一部分。
    💡 常见结构是“Mr./Ms. Dull”或“Dull + 名字”。作为姓氏必须大写,不能因为拼写相同就理解为“无聊的”或“迟钝的”;翻译人名时通常保留音译或依照既有译名。
Dulls plural
name
  • rare 苏格兰村名
    📖 Dull 是苏格兰珀斯和金罗斯行政区内的一个村庄名称。
    💡 常见结构是“in Dull”“near Dull”或“the village of Dull”。地名首字母必须大写,不能与普通形容词的语法和语义混用;中文翻译通常根据地图或资料采用统一译名。
verb
  • core 使变钝
    📖 指让刀刃或其他锋利边缘失去切割力,是把“失去锋利”主动作用到某物上。
    💡 常见结构是“dull + 刀刃/工具”或“dull something by/with use”。这是及物动词,后面通常要有宾语;若说刀具自己逐渐变钝,用不及物义项“dull”。
    transitive
    Cutting cardboard quickly dulled the scissors.
    剪硬纸板很快就把剪刀弄钝了。
  • core 减弱;缓解
    📖 指把疼痛、情绪或感觉的强度压低,使它不再那么尖锐,像把灯光调暗一样。
    💡 常见结构是“dull the pain/fear/senses”或“dull something with alcohol/drugs”。这是及物用法,后面接被减弱的感觉或情绪;它表示暂时压低强度,不一定意味着彻底消除。
    transitive
    The medicine dulled the pain but did not remove it completely.
    药物减轻了疼痛,但没有把它完全消除。
    He turned on music to dull his anxiety.
    他打开音乐来缓解焦虑。
  • common 变钝
    📖 指刀刃或工具经过使用后自行失去锋利度,重点在状态发生变化。
    💡 常见结构是“dull with use”或“dull over time”。这是不及物用法,主语是变钝的工具;不要在这种结构后直接接宾语,若要说“把它弄钝”,应使用及物用法。
    intransitive
    Even a good razor will dull over time.
    即使是好剃刀,用久了也会变钝。
  • common 使暗淡;使模糊
    📖 指使光泽、颜色或清晰度减弱,结果看起来不再明亮或鲜明。
    💡 常见结构是“dull the shine/color/light”或“be dulled by dust”。通常是及物用法,也常见过去分词作形容词;根据语境可译为“使失去光泽”“使变暗”或“使模糊”,不要固定译成“使无聊”。
    Dust had dulled the shine of the wooden table.
    灰尘使木桌失去了光泽。
dulls present,singular,third-person dulling participle,present dulled participle,past dulled past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 19 组
(of business) not active or brisk;
同义词集: dull slow sluggish
business is dull (or slow)
a sluggish market
近似: inactive
emitting or reflecting very little light; ;
同义词集: dull
a dull glow
dull silver badly in need of a polish
a dull sky
反义: bright 近似: flat, lackluster, lacklustre, lusterless, lustreless, mat, matt, matte, matted, soft, subdued
make less lively or vigorous
同义词集: dull
Middle age dulled her appetite for travel
上位: weaken 下位: cloud
become dull or lusterless in appearance; lose shine or brightness
同义词集: dull
the varnished table top dulled with time
上位: change
(of color) very low in saturation; highly diluted
同义词集: dull
dull greens and blues
slow to learn or understand; lacking intellectual acuity; ; ; - Thackeray; ;
同义词集: dense dim dull dumb obtuse slow
so dense he never understands anything I say to him
never met anyone quite so dim
although dull at classical learning, at mathematics he was uncommonly quick
dumb officials make some really dumb decisions
he was either normally stupid or being deliberately obtuse
worked with the slow students
近似: stupid
darkened with overcast; ;
同义词集: dull leaden
a dark day
a dull sky
the sky was leaden and thick
近似: cloudy
become less interesting or attractive
同义词集: pall dull
上位: change
not having a sharp edge or point
同义词集: dull
the knife was too dull to be of any use
反义: sharp 近似: blunt
not keenly felt;
同义词集: dull
a dull throbbing
dull pain
反义: sharp
lacking in liveliness or animation; ; ; ; ;
同义词集: dull
he was so dull at parties
a dull political campaign
a large dull impassive man
dull days with nothing to do
how dull and dreary the world is
fell back into one of her dull moods
反义: lively 近似: arid, bovine, desiccate, desiccated, drab, dreary, heavy, humdrum, lackluster, lacklustre, leaden, lusterless, lustreless, monotonous 参见: colorless, colourless
make dull in appearance
同义词集: dull
Age had dulled the surface
上位: alter, change, modify
make dull or blunt
同义词集: dull blunt
Too much cutting dulls the knife's edge
反义: sharpen 上位: alter, change, modify
so lacking in interest as to cause mental weariness; ; ; ; ; ; - Edmund Burke; ; - Mark Twain
同义词集: boring deadening dull ho-hum irksome slow tedious tiresome wearisome
a boring evening with uninteresting people
the deadening effect of some routine tasks
a dull play
his competent but dull performance
a ho-hum speaker who couldn't capture their attention
what an irksome task the writing of long letters is
tedious days on the train
the tiresome chirping of a cricket
other people's dreams are dreadfully wearisome
近似: uninteresting
being or made softer or less loud or clear; ; ;
同义词集: dull muffled muted softened
the dull boom of distant breaking waves
muffled drums
the muffled noises of the street
muted trumpets
近似: soft
not clear and resonant; sounding as if striking with or against something relatively soft;
同义词集: dull thudding
the dull thud
thudding bullets
blunted in responsiveness or sensibility; ; - Willa Cather
同义词集: dull
a dull gaze
so exhausted she was dull to what went on about her
近似: insensitive
make numb or insensitive
同义词集: numb benumb blunt dull
The shock numbed her senses
deaden (a sound or noise), especially by wrapping
同义词集: muffle mute dull damp dampen tone down
上位: soften
🌳 词源
普通词义来自古英语,词源核心与“变暗、变钝、使模糊”有关;作为专名时,姓氏和苏格兰地名的来源各不相同。
From Middle English dull, dul (also dyll, dill, dwal), from Old English dol (“dull, foolish, erring, heretical; foolish, silly; presumptuous”), from Proto-West Germanic *dol, from Proto-Germanic *dulaz, from earlier *dwulaz, a variant of *dwalaz (“stunned, mad, foolish, misled”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwel-, *dʰewel- (“to dim, dull, cloud, make obscure, swirl, whirl”). Cognate with Scots dull, doll (“slow to understand or hear, deaf, dull”), North Frisian dol (“rash, unthinking, giddy, flippant”), Dutch dol (“crazy, mad, insane”), Low German dul, dol (“mad, silly, stupid, fatuous”), German toll (“crazy, mad, wild, fantastic”), Danish dval (“foolish, absurd”), Icelandic dulur (“secretive, silent”), West-Flemish dul (angry, furious).
🔄 变式
dulled past duller compar dullest superl dulling present Dulls plural
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