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doubt
★★★★
🇺🇸 /dˈaʊt/
🇬🇧 /daʊt/
doubt 表示对事实、判断或结果缺乏把握;作名词是“不确定、疑虑”,作动词是“怀疑、拿不准”。
💡 记忆钩子
把一个问题想成面前的两条路:你无法确定该走哪一条,就是 doubt。它作名词是心里的“疑虑”,作动词则是“对某事拿不准或不相信”;古旧用法还可从这种不安引申为“害怕”。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握名词“疑虑”和动词“怀疑、拿不准”这两个核心义项,再认识少数古旧义。
- 不要把 doubt 只理解成“完全不相信”;它常常只是表示缺乏把握或仍在犹豫。
- 注意 doubt 与“问题”的对应关系:在部分地区英语中可指一个需要澄清的问题,但现代通用英语里通常不用这个义项。
📖 中文释义
noun
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core 疑虑;不确定📖 指你无法确定某件事是否真实、正确或会发生,心里因此产生疑虑。它既可以表示一般的不确定,也可以表示某一次具体的怀疑。💡 常见模式是“doubt about/of + 名词”以及“doubt as to + 从句内容”,也常说“有疑虑”或“消除疑虑”。它既可作不可数名词表示一般状态,也可作可数名词表示一个具体疑点。不要误解为一定是强烈的不信任,语气可以只是“拿不准”。countable uncountableThere was some doubt as to who the child's real father was.大家有些疑虑,不确定这个孩子的亲生父亲是谁。Her explanation removed all doubt about what had happened.她的解释消除了人们对事情经过的所有疑虑。
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rare 疑问;待澄清的问题📖 在印度英语等用法中,doubt 可指一个需要解释或澄清的问题,尤其是学习中的疑问;这是地域性或过时的用法。💡 常见模式是“have a doubt”或“doubts about + 题目”,但这种用法在现代通用英语中不自然,通常应改用“question”或“疑问”一类的表达。它主要见于印度英语和较旧语境,学习者不应把它当作普通英语中的首选义项。India countable obsolete
doubts
plural
verb
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core 怀疑;拿不准📖 表示你对某件事是否真实、正确或会发生没有把握,因而不完全相信或无法作出判断。这是 doubt 作动词时最常用的意思。💡 常见模式是“doubt + 名词”以及“doubt that + 从句”,也可用“doubt whether/if + 从句”表示不确定是否如此。它可表示理性怀疑,也可只是犹豫不决;不要把它误解成“提出一个问题”。ambitransitiveI doubt that he will arrive before noon.我怀疑他能否在中午前到达。She doubted her own judgment after hearing the criticism.听到批评后,她开始怀疑自己的判断。
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rare 怀疑某人可疑📖 古旧或苏格兰语境中,doubt someone 可表示怀疑某人不诚实或不可靠;它是核心“缺乏信任”义的特殊延伸。💡 通常使用“doubt + 人”或“doubt someone’s honesty”一类结构,但现代通用英语中这种直接指人可疑的用法不常见。现代英语往往用“suspect”来表达“怀疑某人做了某事”。学习时应把本义优先记作“对事情拿不准”。transitive
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rare 预感危险;害怕📖 古旧用法中,doubt 某事表示预料某种危险会发生,因此感到害怕;这是从不确定和不安发展出的旧义。💡 常见于古典或历史文本中的“doubt + 名词”结构,现代日常英语几乎不用来表示害怕。现代表达“害怕”应优先使用“fear”或“be afraid of”。archaic transitive
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rare 使害怕📖 过时用法中,doubt someone 表示使某人感到恐惧;它可看作“令人产生不安和疑惧”的旧式发展。💡 这种使役义只适合阅读古旧文本时辨认,现代英语中不能自然地照此造句。表达“使某人害怕”应使用“frighten”或“terrify”等词。obsolete transitive
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rare 害怕;畏惧📖 古英语和过时语境中,doubt 还可单独表示害怕或畏惧,但现代英语已基本不用。💡 该义主要出现在历史文献或仿古语言中,不能作为现代会话中的普通“害怕”用词。现代写作和口语应使用“fear”或“dread”。ambitransitive obsolete
doubts
present,singular,third-person
doubting
participle,present
doubted
participle,past
doubted
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 4 组
consider unlikely or have doubts about
同义词集:
doubt
I doubt that she will accept his proposal of marriage
上位: disbelieve, discredit
lack confidence in or have doubts about; ;
同义词集:
doubt
I doubt these reports
I suspect her true motives
she distrusts her stepmother
上位: distrust, mistrust, suspect
uncertainty about the truth or factuality or existence of something;
同义词集:
doubt
dubiousness
doubtfulness
question
the dubiousness of his claim
there is no question about the validity of the enterprise
上位: precariousness, uncertainness, uncertainty
the state of being unsure of something
同义词集:
doubt
uncertainty
incertitude
dubiety
doubtfulness
dubiousness
反义: certainty
下位: arriere pensee, disbelief, distrust, incredulity, indecision, indecisiveness, irresolution, mental rejection, mental reservation, misgiving, mistrust, reservation, skepticism, suspense, suspicion
🌳 词源
源自拉丁语 dubitāre,经古法语和中古英语进入英语;词源可能与表示“两边摇摆”的词根有关。
Proto-Italic *du(i)βwos
Latin *dubosdenom.
Latin dubō
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Italic *-tos
Latin -tus
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.
Proto-Italic *-ājō
Proto-Italic *-āō
Latin -ō
Latin -tō
Latin -itō
Latin dubitō
Old French doterbor.
Middle English douten
▲
Old French doter
Old French doutebor.
Middle English doute
▲
English dubiousinflu.
▲
Latin dubitōinflu.
English doubt
The verb is derived from Middle English douten (“to doubt, fear, worry”) [and other forms], from Old French douter, doter, duter (compare Middle French doubter), from Latin dubitāre (“to be uncertain, doubt; to hesitate, waver in coming to an opinion; to consider, ponder”); the further etymology is uncertain, but one theory is that dubitō may be derived from dubius (“fluctuating, wavering; doubtful, dubious, uncertain”), from duhibius (“held as two”), from duo (“two”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ (“two”)) + habeō (“to have, hold”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ- (“to grab, take”)). Spelling reformers of the early modern period added the letter b to reflect the Latin root dubitō, but it has never been pronounced in English.
The noun is derived from Middle English dout, doute (“uncertainty, hesitation; questionable point; anxiety, fear, reverence”) [and other forms],
from Old French doute, dote, dute (“uncertain feeling, doubt”), from doter, douter, duter (“to doubt, fear”) (compare Middle French doubter; modern French douter (“to doubt, suspect”)); see further etymology above.
The ESL "question" sense is a semantic loan from Romance cognates: Portuguese dúvida, Spanish duda, Catalan dubte, French doute, Italian dubbio and others, which can all mean "question".
Displaced Old English twēo (“doubt”) and twēoġan (“to doubt”).
🔄 变式
doubted
past
doubting
present
doubts
plural
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