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disturbance
★★
🇺🇸 /dɪstˈɚbʌns/
🇬🇧 /dɪˈstɜː.bəns/
disturbance 指对正常状态、秩序或安宁的扰动;也可指造成这种扰动的事件,或心理、生态等方面的失常。
💡 记忆钩子
把它想成一池原本平静的水被搅动:搅动这个动作或被打乱的状态是 disturbance,发出的喧闹和骚乱是 disturbance,正常规律被打破也是 disturbance;在心理学中,它还可进一步指心理平衡出现严重失常。
📝 学习建议
- 不要把 disturbance 只理解成“麻烦”;它的核心是“正常状态被扰动”,既可以是事件,也可以是扰动本身。
- 先掌握“干扰、骚乱、失常”这条主线,再学习心理学中的专业含义。
- 它是名词,和动词 disturb 不同:disturb 表示“干扰、打扰”,disturbance 表示“干扰这一情况或造成干扰的事件”。
📖 中文释义
noun
-
core 扰动;受干扰📖 指打乱原本平静、稳定或正常状态的行为,或这种被打乱的情况,重点在“发生了扰动”。💡 常见结构是“disturbance of + 名词”,表示对某种系统、秩序或状态的扰动;也可说“cause disturbance”。作不可数名词时强调抽象过程,作可数名词时可指一次具体干扰。不要把它当作动作动词使用,动作应使用 disturb。countable uncountableThe construction work caused a major disturbance to the neighborhood.施工给附近社区造成了很大的干扰。Any disturbance of the peace will be reported to the police.任何扰乱治安的行为都会被报告给警方。
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common 造成干扰的事物📖 指会打扰别人、妨碍正常进行的具体人、事或情况,也就是“扰人的东西”。💡 常见结构是“be a disturbance”或“cause a disturbance”,后面可接地点或活动。它比简单说“不方便”更强调对安宁、秩序或他人的实际干扰。不要默认它只指人,也可以指噪声、行为或其他事件。countable uncountableThe loud music was a disturbance to the people in the next room.大声播放的音乐打扰了隔壁房间的人。
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core 喧闹;骚乱📖 指引起喧哗、混乱或中断的公开骚动,是“水面被剧烈搅动”这一形象在公共场合中的表现。💡 常见结构是“cause/make a disturbance”,表示制造骚乱或喧闹;在公共场所提醒别人时,也常说“without causing a disturbance”。这个含义通常比一般的 disturbance 更具体,突出声音、喧闹和现场混乱。countable uncountableThe customer was asked to leave after causing a disturbance in the restaurant.那名顾客在餐馆里制造骚乱后被要求离开。
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common 异常;失常📖 指原本规律或正常的系统、环境或过程出现偏离,不一定有明显噪声,但正常运行已经被打破。💡 常见结构是“disturbance in/of + 系统或过程”,如描述生态、天气、经济或社会状况。它常用于新闻和学术语境,强调长期或结构性的异常,不要误以为一定表示短暂的吵闹。翻译时应根据对象选择“扰动、异常、破坏”或“失常”。countable uncountableThe earthquake caused serious disturbance to the underground water system.这场地震严重扰乱了地下水系统。
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common 心理失常📖 在心理学或医学语境中,指严重的心理平衡失常或心理疾病,是“正常状态被打乱”这一核心概念在心理领域的延伸。💡 常见结构是“a mental/emotional disturbance”或“disturbance of + 心理功能”。这种用法通常属于专业或较正式语境,日常谈话中应根据具体情况使用更准确的疾病名称。不要把普通的心情不好或一时烦恼都称为这种 disturbance。countable uncountableThe doctor believed that the patient was suffering from a serious mental disturbance.医生认为这名患者患有严重的心理障碍。
disturbances
plural
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 7 组
the act of disturbing something or someone; setting something in motion
同义词集:
disturbance
上位: motility, motion, move, movement
下位: agitation, battle royal, carnival, circus, commotion, derangement, din, disruption, excitement, havoc, hullabaloo, mayhem, melee, outburst, overthrow, perturbation, rampage, ruckus, ruction, rumpus, scrimmage, tumult, tumultuous disturbance, turmoil, upheaval, upset, violent disorder
a noisy fight
同义词集:
affray
disturbance
fray
ruffle
上位: combat, fight, fighting, scrap
activity that is a malfunction, intrusion, or interruption; ;
同义词集:
perturbation
disturbance
the term `distress' connotes some degree of perturbation and emotional upset
he looked around for the source of the disturbance
there was a disturbance of neural function
上位: activity
下位: bother, fuss, hassle, trouble
electrical or acoustic activity that can disturb communication
同义词集:
noise
interference
disturbance
上位: trouble
下位: atmospheric static, atmospherics, background, background signal, clutter, crosstalk, static, xt
a disorderly outburst or tumult
同义词集:
disturbance
disruption
commotion
flutter
hurly burly
to-do
hoo-ha
hoo-hah
kerfuffle
they were amazed by the furious disturbance they had caused
上位: disorder
下位: convulsion, earthquake, garboil, incident, splash, stir, storm, tempest, tumult, tumultuousness, turmoil, upheaval, uproar
(psychiatry) a psychological disorder of thought or emotion; a more neutral term than mental illness
同义词集:
mental disorder
mental disturbance
disturbance
psychological disorder
folie
上位: disorder, upset
下位: aberration, delirium
an unhappy and worried mental state;
同义词集:
disturbance
perturbation
upset
there was too much anger and disturbance
she didn't realize the upset she caused me
上位: agitation
🌳 词源
源自中古英语,经古法语追溯至拉丁语,词形上可看作 disturb 加名词后缀 -ance。
From Middle English disturbaunce, from Old French destorbance, destourbance, from destourber (“disturb”), from Latin disturbō. By surface analysis, disturb + -ance.
🔄 变式
disturbances
plural
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