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distinguish
★★
🇺🇸 /dɪstˈɪŋɡwɪʃ/
动词,核心意思是辨认事物之间的差别;也可指使某人因成就而突出,或正式授予荣誉。
💡 记忆钩子
把 distinguish 想成“画出界线”:先看清界线、辨别一个事物与另一个的不同;人也可以靠成就把自己“画出来”、显得突出;授予荣誉则像由权威替某人画上醒目的标记。
📝 学习建议
- 建议先掌握“辨别、区分”的基本义,再学习“使自己突出”和“授予荣誉”的引申用法。
- 不要把它只理解成中文“区别”;在表示个人表现突出时,常见的是反身用法,意思接近“脱颖而出”,而不是单纯辨认差异。
📖 中文释义
verb
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core 辨别差异📖 指根据特征认出某人或某物与其他对象的不同,就像在相似事物之间画出界线。这是 distinguish 最基本、最常用的意思。💡 常用句型是“distinguish A from B”和“distinguish between A and B”。前一种结构直接把两个对象并列,后一种结构强调在两者或多者之间作区分。它适用于日常说明和较正式的分析语境;不要把 from 漏掉,也不要把 between 后面只接一个对象。The two species are difficult to distinguish from each other.这两个物种很难彼此区分。Can you distinguish fact from opinion in this article?你能分辨出这篇文章中的事实和观点吗?
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common 看清辨认📖 指通过视觉或其他感官把对象辨认清楚,重点不在比较两个类别,而在于从模糊、遥远或昏暗的状态中认出对象。💡 常见句型是“distinguish X in the dark”“distinguish X at a distance”或“distinguish X through the fog”。它常与 barely、clearly 等表示清晰程度的副词连用,既可用于日常叙述,也可用于书面描写。这里的宾语通常是标志、面孔、声音等具体对象,不要误套用成表示人物成就的反身结构。I could barely distinguish the sign through the fog.我几乎看不清雾中的标志。
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core 使自己突出📖 指某人凭借勇气、能力或成就表现得特别突出,从众人中脱颖而出;字面上像是把自己清楚地标记出来。💡 常用句型是“distinguish oneself by doing something”或“distinguish oneself in something”。oneself 指主语本人,不能随意换成普通宾语;这个用法常见于表扬、报道和较正式的叙述中。不要把它理解成“把自己和别人区分开”这种中性的分类动作。reflexive transitiveShe distinguished herself by remaining calm during the crisis.她在危机中始终保持镇定,表现得十分突出。
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common 授予荣誉📖 指某个机构或权威以奖章、奖项等正式荣誉表彰某人,相当于给对方加上醒目的荣誉标记。💡 常用句型是“distinguish someone with an honor”或“distinguish someone with an award”。这种用法较正式,尤其常见于被动表达;日常英语中也常直接用表示授予或表彰的动词。不要把这里的宾语理解成需要辨别的对象,人物是接受荣誉的一方。The committee distinguished her with its highest award.委员会授予她本机构的最高奖项。
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rare 使有别📖 这是过时的及物用法,指使某人或某物与其他对象产生区别,可看作“画出界线”这一核心意思的旧式表达。💡 只在古旧或历史性文本中使用,现代英语写作和会话中不应主动采用。阅读时可根据上下文把它理解为“使……不同”或“把……区分出来”,不要与现代常用句型混用。obsolete transitive
distinguishes
present,singular,third-person
distinguishing
participle,present
distinguished
participle,past
distinguished
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 5 组
mark as different
同义词集:
distinguish
separate
differentiate
secern
secernate
severalize
severalise
tell
tell apart
We distinguish several kinds of maple
上位: identify, place
下位: contrast, discriminate, know, know apart, label, separate, sex, single out
be a distinctive feature, attribute, or trait; sometimes in a very positive sense
同义词集:
distinguish
mark
differentiate
His modesty distinguishes him from his peers
上位: characterise, characterize, qualify
下位: characterise, characterize
identify as in botany or biology, for example
同义词集:
identify
discover
key
key out
distinguish
describe
name
make conspicuous or noteworthy
同义词集:
signalize
signalise
distinguish
上位: mark
detect with the senses;
同义词集:
spot
recognize
recognise
distinguish
discern
pick out
make out
tell apart
The fleeing convicts were picked out of the darkness by the watchful prison guards
I can't make out the faces in this photograph
下位: discriminate, resolve
🌳 词源
源自拉丁语,原义与“分开、划出界线、标记”有关;这些意义发展成了现代英语中的“辨别”和“使突出”。
From Middle English distingwen, from Old French distinguer, from Latin distinguere (“to separate, divide, distinguish, set off, adorn, literally mark off”), from di-, dis- (“apart”) + stinguere, related to English stink. Compare extinguish.
🔄 变式
distinguished
past
distinguishes
present
distinguishing
present
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