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distance
★★★★
🇺🇸 /dˈɪstʌns/
🇬🇧 /ˈdɪst(ə)n(t)s/
distance主要表示两个地点、物体或事件之间的距离,也可表示遥远、疏远或人与人之间的心理距离;作动词时表示使某人或某物保持距离,或使自己不与某人或某事物发生联系。
💡 记忆钩子
把它记成“站开一点”:空间上站开是距离,时间上隔开是间隔,关系上站远是疏远;作动词时,就是把自己或别人“拉开”。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握表示空间距离的基本义,再扩展到遥远、时间间隔和人际疏远等抽象用法。
- 注意动词常与from连用,表示“与某人或某事物保持距离”;不要只理解为物理上的移动。
- 表示人与人关系冷淡时,distance通常强调有意保持距离或缺少亲密感。
📖 中文释义
noun
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core 空间距离📖 指两个地点、物体或点之间相隔的空间长度,也就是空间上“站开一点”有多远。💡 常用“the distance between A and B”或“the distance from A to B”表示两点之间的距离,也可用“a distance of + 数量”表示相隔的长度。distance既可数也不可数,具体距离通常说the distance,而不是直接照搬中文说法。注意distance本身表示间隔长度,不等于单独某一段路。countable uncountableWhat is the distance between the two stations?这两个车站之间的距离是多少?We walked a short distance along the river.我们沿着河边走了一小段路。
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common 远处📖 主要指离说话者较远的地方或景物,强调“站开一点”后所看到的远方。💡 最常见于“in the distance”和“from a distance”,前者表示在远处,后者表示从远处看或听。它通常指视野中的远方,不要和表示两点间具体长度的distance混淆。用于绘画或景观描写时,也可指画面中的远景。countable uncountableWe could see mountains in the distance.我们可以看到远处的山。
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common 差异;差距📖 指两个数值、程度或位置之间的差别,可以理解为它们在某个方面“站开一点”的程度。💡 通常用“the distance between A and B”或“a distance of + 数量”说明差距,也常在术语中出现在修饰词后。这里的distance不是地理距离,必须从前面的修饰词判断比较的是角度、焦距、成绩还是其他量。不要把它和difference完全等同;distance更强调两者相隔的程度。countable uncountableThere is still a considerable distance between the two teams in experience.两队在经验方面仍有相当大的差距。
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common 时间间隔📖 指两个事件在时间上的间隔,即时间上“站开一点”有多久。💡 常用“a distance of + 时间”或“at this distance of time”表示相隔一段时间,也可说“a long distance in time”但较少见。这个用法偏正式,日常表达时间间隔时interval或gap往往更自然。不要误解为事件发生的具体时长。countable uncountableAfter a long distance of time, the two records were finally compared.相隔很长时间后,这两份记录终于被拿来比较。
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common 隔离;疏离📖 指不是空间或时间上的间隔,而是在态度、行为或关系上彼此拉开。💡 常见结构是“keep someone at a distance”或“keep one's distance from someone”,表示有意保持疏远。注意keep one's distance通常是主动避免靠近,不只是客观存在差异。这个用法可用于人际关系,也可用于对某种事物保持戒心。countable figuratively uncountableShe kept her colleagues at a distance after the argument.争吵后,她刻意和同事们保持距离。
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rare 长度📖 旧用法,指物体沿最长方向测得的长度,相当于length。💡 现代英语中通常直接使用length;distance表示物体长度时多见于历史文本或特殊语境。countable obsolete uncountable
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rare 争执;疏远📖 旧用法,指人与人之间的争执、分歧或由此造成的关系疏远。💡 现代英语中通常用dispute、disagreement或estrangement表达这些意思,distance单独使用来表示争执已经过时。countable figuratively obsolete uncountable
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rare 音高间隔📖 旧的音乐用法,指两个声音之间的音高差或音程。💡 现代音乐语境通常使用interval来表示音程;distance表示音高间隔主要见于早期或历史性文本。countable obsolete uncountable
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common 两点间距离📖 指两个地点或物体之间相隔的空间长度,也就是空间上“站开一点”有多远。💡 常用“the distance to + 地点”说明到某处有多远,也可用“the distance between A and B”。表示具体距离时,后面通常接数字、单位或地点;不要把to误写成between。countable uncountableThe distance to the airport is about twenty kilometers.到机场的距离大约是二十公里。
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common 远方📖 指离说话者很远的地方,通常是视线或想象中的远方。💡 最常见的是“in the distance”,通常与see、hear、appear或shine等动词搭配。the常常不可省略,因为这里指的是视野中的那个远方。不要用它表示精确的空间长度。countable uncountableA small light appeared in the distance.远处出现了一点微光。
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core 遥远;远离📖 指处于远方、与某物相隔很远的状态,强调空间上真正“站开一点”的程度,而不只是计算出来的长度。💡 常见于“at a distance”“from a distance”和“keep one's distance”,可描述人、地点或观察位置。它强调远离的状态或效果,和表示具体数值的distance不同。写景时常与great、some或a safe等词搭配,表示保持一定的远度。countable uncountableThe guide asked us to watch the wild animals from a safe distance.导游要求我们从安全距离观察野生动物。At a distance, the old building looked almost new.从远处看,那座老建筑几乎像新的一样。
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common 完成目标的进程📖 指朝着目标已经走过的全部路程或取得的全部进展,表示是否能一路坚持到底。💡 常见于“go the distance”,表示坚持完成任务、比赛或长期过程。它通常用于抽象目标,也可用于体育比赛;不要把go the distance直译成单纯走了很远。搭配the distance时,重点是达到终点而不是实际长度。countable figuratively uncountableShe trained hard and went the distance in the final race.她刻苦训练,在决赛中坚持跑到了最后。
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common 非空间性距离📖 指人与人、事物与事物之间在时间以外的抽象隔阂或相隔状态,例如身份、经历或观念上的距离。💡 常用“the distance between A and B”来说明两者在观念、经历或身份上的隔阂。上下文需要明确比较的方面,否则读者可能先理解为空间距离。它比gap更正式,也比difference更强调彼此相隔。countable figuratively uncountableTravel helped reduce the distance between the two cultures.旅行有助于缩小这两种文化之间的隔阂。
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core 关系疏远📖 指人与人不再亲近、友好或亲密的状态,也可指原本亲近的人后来彼此疏远;就是关系上“站远一点”。💡 常见于“create distance between people”“put distance between oneself and someone”以及“keep someone at a distance”。它描述的是关系状态,不一定表示双方发生了公开冲突;要表达主动疏远,通常要搭配keep、create或put。不要把它和单纯的physical distance混淆。countable figuratively uncountableThe long separation created distance between the sisters.长期分离使姐妹俩之间产生了隔阂。He felt a growing distance between himself and his old friends.他感到自己和老朋友之间的隔阂越来越深。
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common 冷淡;矜持📖 指一个人表现得过分拘谨、冷淡或不愿亲近别人,是态度上主动“站远一点”。💡 常见于“keep one's distance”或“show distance”,描述一个人的待人态度。这个用法侧重外在表现的冷淡或矜持,而不是双方关系已经破裂。正式场合中distance有时表示得体的克制,不一定含有敌意。countable figuratively uncountableHer professional distance made new clients feel uncertain.她显得过于冷淡,使新客户感到不安。
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rare 身份等级📖 旧用法,指重要人物所属的身份等级或社会地位。💡 现代英语通常用rank、status或standing表示身份等级;distance用于此义主要见于历史或文学文本。countable figuratively obsolete uncountable
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rare 争执;不和📖 旧用法,指人与人之间处于意见不合、争执或分裂的状态。💡 现代英语通常使用disagreement、conflict或dissension;distance表示这种不和已很少见。countable figuratively obsolete uncountable
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rare 礼节性矜持📖 旧用法,指出于尊重身份或礼节而保持的疏远、拘谨态度,也可表示过分正式的礼仪感。💡 通常见于“distance to/towards someone”一类的历史表达,现代英语一般改用respect、deference或reserve。countable figuratively obsolete uncountable
distances
plural
verb
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common 使与另一方拉开距离📖 把某人或某物放到离另一人或另一物更远的位置上,也就是在空间上把双方“站开一点”。💡 常用结构是“distance A from B”,后面用from引出被拉开的对象;宾语可以是人、地点或物体。这个用法偏正式,日常英语中常用“move A away from B”表达同样意思。不要把from后的对象误当成移动的起点。transitiveThe fence distances the playground from the busy road.围栏使操场与繁忙的道路隔开。
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rare 使显得遥远或陌生📖 使一个地方或事物看起来离得很远,或者在心理上显得不熟悉、难以亲近,像是被“站开一点”之后看远了。transitive
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common 甩开;超过📖 在同一方向移动时把别人甩在后面,尤其指比赛中逐渐拉开与其他竞争者的距离。💡 常用结构是“distance one’s competitors/opponents”,也可以接具体的人或队伍。这个用法多见于新闻报道、体育评论或较正式的叙述,通常强调领先幅度逐渐扩大。不要把它只理解成静态的“距离某人很远”。transitiveBy the final lap, the leading runner had distanced the rest of the field.到了最后一圈,领先的跑步者已经把其他选手甩在了后面。
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common 使关系疏远📖 有意让某人与另一个人或一群人保持情感上、社交上的距离,也就是在关系上把双方“站开一点”。💡 常用结构是“distance A from B”,表示让A与B保持社交或情感距离。现代英语中更常用反身结构“distance oneself from”,而这个用法通常需要明确的宾语。不要把它和单纯因为忙碌而暂时少见面混为一谈。figuratively transitiveThe disagreement distanced her from several old friends.这场分歧使她与几位老朋友逐渐疏远了。
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common 超过;胜过📖 在能力、成绩或成就上超过同辈或对手,相当于在竞争中把别人拉在后面。💡 常用结构是“distance a rival/peer in a competition”,后面也可接表示比较领域的短语。这个用法较正式,常用于报道和书面评价,日常会话中更常说“outdo”或“surpass”。不要把它理解成实际跑步距离,除非上下文明确涉及比赛。figuratively transitiveThe young designer quickly distanced her more experienced rivals.这位年轻设计师很快就超过了经验更丰富的对手。
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core 主动撇清关系📖 让自己与某人、某事或某种观点保持距离,通常是因为不想被联系在一起,或不想承担相关的责任和影响;这是把自己“拉开”。💡 最常见结构是“distance oneself from someone/something”,反身代词必须随主语变化。它常用于正式发言、新闻和公共事务语境,表示主动撇清关系,而不只是暂时离开。不要说“distance from”来代替标准的反身结构,除非使用的是另一个特定语法环境。figuratively reflexive transitiveThe minister distanced himself from the committee's controversial proposal.这位部长主动撇清了自己与委员会那项有争议提案的关系。She tried to distance herself from the rumors.她试图与这些传闻撇清关系。
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rare 以规定距离胜过马匹📖 在赛马的旧式用法中,指一匹马以规定的距离击败另一匹马,或因领先距离达到规定标准而使另一匹马被判负。US archaic transitive
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rare 走完整段路程📖 旧式用法,表示走完到某处的全部路程。obsolete transitive
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rare 离开某地📖 旧式用法,表示从某地离开,把那个地方留在身后。obsolete transitive
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rare 标示或测量距离📖 旧式用法,表示标出到某地的距离,或用某种标准测量这段距离。obsolete transitive
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rare 按间隔排列📖 旧式用法,表示把两个或多个物体按规则的距离分开排列,也就是把它们均匀地“站开一点”。obsolete transitive
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rare📖 表示与某人或某物保持距离,但这种不带明确宾语的用法现在很少见。intransitive reflexive
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rare 与群体疏远📖 在家庭关系等语境中,表示一个人逐渐与所属的家庭或群体拉开关系。figuratively intransitive reflexive
distances
present,singular,third-person
distancing
participle,present
distanced
participle,past
distanced
past
distance
first-person,present,singular
distanced
first-person,past,singular
distance
present,second-person,singular
distancest
archaic,present,second-person,singular
distanced
past,second-person,singular
distancedst
archaic,past,second-person,singular
distanceth
archaic,present,singular,third-person
distanced
past,singular,third-person
distance
plural,present
distanced
past,plural
distance
present,subjunctive
distanced
past,subjunctive
distance
imperative,present
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imperative,past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 8 组
go far ahead of
同义词集:
outdistance
outstrip
distance
He outdistanced the other runners
keep at a distance
同义词集:
distance
we have to distance ourselves from these events in order to continue living
上位: hold, keep, maintain
the property created by the space between two objects or points
同义词集:
distance
上位: spacing, spatial arrangement
下位: closeness, elevation, hour, interval, leap, milage, mileage, minute, nearness, piece, remove, separation, span, wavelength, way, yardage
size of the gap between two places;
同义词集:
distance
length
the distance from New York to Chicago
he determined the length of the shortest line segment joining the two points
上位: size
下位: altitude, gauge, leg, wingspan, wingspread
indifference by personal withdrawal
同义词集:
distance
aloofness
emotional distance
上位: indifference
a distant region
同义词集:
distance
I could see it in the distance
上位: part, region
the interval between two times;
同义词集:
distance
space
the distance from birth to death
it all happened in the space of 10 minutes
上位: interval, time interval
a remote point in time;
同义词集:
distance
if that happens it will be at some distance in the future
at a distance of ten years he had forgotten many of the details
上位: point, point in time
🌳 词源
源自拉丁语,核心含义与“彼此分开、相隔”有关;英语中的动词义由名词义发展而来。
From Middle English distance, distaunce, destance (“disagreement, dispute; discrimination; armed conflict; hostility; trouble; space between two points; time interval”), from Anglo-Norman distance, distaunce, destance, Middle French distance, and Old French destance, destaunce, distaunce (“debate; difference, distinction; discord, quarrel; dispute; space between two points; time interval”) (modern French distance), and directly from their etymon Latin distantia (“difference, diversity; distance, remoteness; space between two points”) (whence also Late Latin distantia (“disagreement; discrepancy; gap, opening; time interval”)), from distāns (“being distant; standing apart”) + -ia (suffix forming feminine abstract nouns). Distāns is the present active participle of distō (“to be distant; to stand apart; to differ”), from dis- (prefix meaning ‘apart, asunder; in two’) + stō (“to stand”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”)).
The verb is derived from the noun.
Cognates
* Middle Dutch distancie, distantie (modern Dutch distantie); Dutch afstand (“distance”, literally “off-stand, off-stance”)
* German Distanz; German Abstand
* Italian distanza
* Portuguese distância
* Spanish distancia
🔄 变式
-
imperat
distanced
1st_sg
distancedst
archaic
distances
plural
distancest
archaic
distanceth
archaic
distancing
present
🏷 单词标签 & 词根