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disruption
🇺🇸 /dɪsɹˈʌpʃʌn/
disruption 指原本连续、正常的事物被打断、搅乱,或被冲破分开;既可说活动和秩序受到干扰,也可说结构发生破裂。
💡 记忆钩子
想象一条平稳向前的水流突然被挡住:水流被截断,就是“中断”;水花四溅、周围一片混乱,就是“扰乱”;如果力量太大把堤岸冲开,就是“破裂、冲破”。这些都围绕“正常连续状态被打破”这一核心。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“对正常流程造成中断”这一核心义,再把它扩展到课堂等场合的混乱,最后认识“破裂、冲破”这一较正式或专业的用法。
- 不要把 disruption 一律只理解为“中断”或只译成“破坏”;判断时要看它打破的是流程、秩序,还是实体结构。
📖 中文释义
noun
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core 对正常流程的中断📖 指原本按正常顺序进行的活动、服务或传播被打断,因而暂时不能顺利继续。重点是“连续过程被截住”,不一定表示完全停止。💡 常用模式是“a disruption to + 事物”或“cause disruption to + 事物”,也可说“disruption in + 活动或系统”。它适用于交通、通信、节目、服务等较正式语境;不要只用来表示一次普通的短暂停顿,因为它通常暗示流程受到明显影响。countable uncountableThe storm caused a disruption to train services.暴风雨导致火车服务中断。The broadcast was interrupted by a sudden disruption in the signal.信号突然受到干扰,广播被打断了。
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common 持续的混乱或失序📖 指一个地方或群体的正常秩序被打乱,并持续处于吵闹、混乱或难以管理的状态。它比一次简单的打断更强调周围秩序受到影响。💡 常用模式是“disruption in + 场所或活动”或“cause disruption”,也可用“considerable/great disruption”修饰程度。这个义项常用于学校、会议和公共场所等语境;不要把它误解成只有物理损坏,人的行为造成的失序也可以这样说。countable uncountableThe unexpected announcement caused disruption in the meeting.这则突如其来的通知扰乱了会议秩序。
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common 破裂或冲破📖 指某个连续的实体、边界或结构被力量冲开、分裂,形成破口或断裂;这是从“完整状态被打破”延伸出的较正式用法。💡 常见模式是“disruption of + 结构或连续状态”,多见于正式、技术或学术语境。它通常描述结构或过程本身发生破裂,不要在普通日常对话中随意用它代替更具体的“裂开”或“破洞”。countable uncountableThe pressure led to a disruption of the thin membrane.压力导致这层薄膜破裂。
disruptions
plural
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 4 组
an act of delaying or interrupting the continuity;
同义词集:
break
interruption
disruption
gap
it was presented without commercial breaks
there was a gap in his account
上位: delay, holdup
下位: cut-in, insert, interjection, interpellation, interpolation, interposition
the act of causing disorder
同义词集:
disruption
perturbation
上位: disturbance
下位: breakdown, dislocation, surprisal, surprise
an event that results in a displacement or discontinuity
同义词集:
dislocation
disruption
上位: break, interruption
a disorderly outburst or tumult
同义词集:
disturbance
disruption
commotion
flutter
hurly burly
to-do
hoo-ha
hoo-hah
kerfuffle
they were amazed by the furious disturbance they had caused
上位: disorder
下位: convulsion, earthquake, garboil, incident, splash, stir, storm, tempest, tumult, tumultuousness, turmoil, upheaval, uproar
🌳 词源
源自拉丁语,原义与“分开、冲破”有关;现代词义由“打破连续状态”逐渐扩展而来。
From Latin disruptionem, from disrumpere. By surface analysis, disrupt + -ion.
🔄 变式
disruptions
plural
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