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dispute
★★★★
🇺🇸 /dɪspjˈut/
🇬🇧 /dɪˈspjʉwt/
dispute既可指双方未能达成一致的“争议、争端”,也可指围绕某事展开争论;作动词时还可表示质疑说法或争夺某物。
💡 记忆钩子
把一件事放在双方之间反复掂量:意见不合,形成“争议”;人们围绕它辩论,就是“争论”;进一步还可以质疑某个说法,甚至争夺某物的归属。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握名词“争议、争端”和动词“争论、质疑”这条主线,再学习“争夺”这一延伸义。
- 不要把dispute只理解成激烈的吵架;它也常指较正式、理性的分歧或对某项说法的质疑。
📖 中文释义
noun
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core 争议;争端📖 指双方在某件事上意见不一致,因而产生需要解决的争议或争端,常常涉及权利、责任、金钱或安排。💡 常用模板是“a dispute about/over + 事情”或“a dispute between + 双方”。它通常是可数名词,不能在单数具体意义下漏掉冠词;不要把它默认理解成私人吵架。The two companies are in a dispute over the delivery date.两家公司因交货日期发生了争议。The dispute was settled without going to court.这场争端没有经过诉讼就解决了。
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common 争论;辩论📖 指围绕一个问题反复提出理由、赞成或反对意见的争论过程,重点是思想或言语上的交锋,不一定已经形成具体争端。💡 表示这种活动时常作不可数名词,常放在of或about之后说明争论内容。这个用法偏正式或书面,日常谈话中常用argument或discussion;不要把不可数的活动义随意写成a dispute。uncountableTheir dispute about the best solution continued late into the night.他们围绕最佳解决办法的争论一直持续到深夜。
disputes
plural
verb
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core 与人争辩📖 指和另一个人或一方针锋相对地争论,反驳对方的观点;核心是人与人之间的言语交锋。💡 常用模板是“dispute with + 人”或“dispute with + 人 + about/over + 事情”。这种用法较正式,日常口语通常说argue with;不要把它当作只能接宾语的及物动词。intransitiveShe often disputes with her brother about how to run the shop.她经常因为如何经营这家店而和哥哥争辩。
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core 就某事争论;讨论正反意见📖 指把一个问题拿出来讨论,分别提出赞成和反对的理由;重点在对问题本身进行辩论。💡 常用模板是“dispute + 议题”或“dispute whether/what/how...”。主语可以是人、团体或文章,语气通常比discuss更有对立性,也比argue about更正式。transitiveThe committee disputed whether the plan was safe enough to approve.委员会就这项计划是否足够安全、能否批准展开了争论。
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common 质疑;否认有效性📖 指认为某个说法、事实或结论不可靠,于是公开提出反对或要求证明;这里不只是讨论,而是挑战它的真实性或有效性。💡 常用模板是“dispute + 说法、事实、数字或权利的有效性”。该用法多见于正式新闻、法律和书面语;不要把它误解为单纯“讨论”,因为它通常带有明确的不认同。Several experts disputed the report’s claim that the treatment was harmless.几位专家质疑了报告中关于这种治疗无害的说法。
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common 争夺;争执某物的归属📖 指双方为了占有、控制或获得某物而竞争,仿佛把归属权放在双方之间争辩;对象可以是土地、财产或位置。💡 常用模板是“dispute + 所有权、控制权或某物”,也可用“dispute the possession/title of + 某物”。这一用法正式,尤其常见于法律、历史或军事语境;若只是普通比赛竞争,通常不用dispute。The neighbours disputed ownership of the narrow strip of land.邻居们争夺那条狭长土地的所有权。
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rare 抵抗;与……抗争📖 这是过时用法,表示像面对悲痛或困难一样奋力抵抗,可看作从“争辩、对抗”延伸出的旧义。💡 常见于旧文学或仿古表达,现代英语中几乎不用。学习和写作时不要用它表示普通的“反抗”,应改用resist或fight。obsolete
disputes
present,singular,third-person
disputing
participle,present
disputed
participle,past
disputed
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 4 组
have a disagreement over something;
同义词集:
quarrel
dispute
scrap
argufy
altercate
We quarreled over the question as to who discovered America
These two fellows are always scrapping over something
上位: argue, contend, debate, fence
下位: brawl, spat, wrangle
take exception to
同义词集:
challenge
dispute
gainsay
She challenged his claims
上位: contend, contest, repugn
下位: call
coming into conflict with
同义词集:
dispute
contravention
上位: resistance
a disagreement or argument about something important; ;
同义词集:
dispute
difference
difference of opinion
conflict
he had a dispute with his wife
there were irreconcilable differences
the familiar conflict between Republicans and Democrats
上位: disagreement
下位: arguing, argument, collision, contention, contestation, controversy, disceptation, disputation, dustup, gap, quarrel, row, run-in, tilt, words, wrangle
🌳 词源
源自拉丁语,原有“分别衡量、思考、讨论”的意思,后来发展出“争辩、争议”等义。
Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁
Proto-Indo-European *d(w)is-
Proto-Italic *dis-
Latin dis-
Latin putus
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.
Proto-Italic *-ājō
Proto-Italic *-āō
Latin -ō
Latin putō
Latin disputo
Old French desputerbor.
Middle English disputen
English dispute
From Middle English disputen, from Old French desputer (French disputer), from Latin disputāre (“to dispute, discuss, examine, compute, estimate”), from dis- (“apart”) + putāre (“to reckon, consider, think, originally make clean, clear up”), related to purus (“pure”). Compare compute, count, impute, repute, amputate, etc.
🔄 变式
disputed
past
disputes
plural
disputing
present
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