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disorder
★★
🇺🇸 /dɪsˈɔɹdɚ/
🇬🇧 /dɪsˈɔːdə(ɹ)/
disorder既可作名词,表示无秩序、骚乱或身心功能障碍,也可作动词,表示使某物失去原有秩序或次序。
💡 记忆钩子
把order想成整齐排好的队列;disorder就是把这支队列弄乱:房间变得杂乱,公共场面陷入骚乱,身体或心理功能失调也可看作内部秩序出了问题。作动词时,则是主动把事物弄乱或打乱次序。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“原有秩序被打乱”这一主线,再区分普通混乱、公共骚乱和医学上的障碍。注意不要把医学义一律理解成一般的“混乱”,也不要把动词义只理解为“使生病”。
📖 中文释义
noun
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core 杂乱;无秩序📖 指事物没有按应有的方式排列或组织,呈现杂乱、失序的状态;重点是原本应有的秩序不见了。💡 常用“in disorder”表示“处于杂乱状态”,也可说“leave something in disorder”表示把某物弄得乱七八糟。这个义项既能描述房间、文件等具体事物,也能描述抽象安排;不要把它误当成单纯的“脏”。countable uncountableThe papers were left in disorder after the meeting.会议结束后,文件被弄得一片杂乱。
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common 骚乱;秩序失控📖 指一个班级、群体或公共场面失去正常秩序,变得混乱甚至出现骚动;这里强调的是社会或现场秩序被打破。💡 常见于“throw something into disorder”或“fall into disorder”等结构,主语通常是班级、政府或公共场面。它比一般的杂乱更强调集体活动和公共秩序受到影响;不要只把它理解成物品摆放不整齐。countable uncountableThe sudden announcement threw the crowd into disorder.这则突然的公告使人群陷入了骚乱。
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core 功能障碍;疾病📖 在医学或心理健康语境中,指身体或心理某个系统的正常功能出现持续性问题,因此是一种具体的障碍或疾病,而不是普通的凌乱。💡 常见结构是“a/an + disorder”,也常用于“an eating disorder”等医学类别名称中。这个义项通常作可数名词,并且需要根据上下文译成“障碍”“紊乱”或“疾病”;不要仅凭字面把它译成“混乱”。countableThe clinic offers treatment for sleep disorders.这家诊所提供睡眠障碍治疗。
disorders
plural
verb
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core 使陷入混乱📖 指主动破坏某个场面或系统原有的组织状态,使它变得混乱;也就是把原本排好的“队列”弄乱。💡 常用“disorder + 场面或系统”表示使其失去秩序,也可使用被动结构说明某物被弄乱。这个义项着重结果是失序,不一定表示物品被移动;正式书面语中比日常口语更常见。transitiveThe alarm disordered the carefully planned ceremony.警报打乱了精心安排的仪式。
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common 打乱次序📖 指把原本按顺序排列的项目、步骤或安排弄得不再有序,重点是次序被打破。💡 常用“disorder + 名单、步骤或安排”等结构,表示打乱其先后顺序。它与表示“使整体混乱”的用法相近,但这里更突出排列和先后次序;在普通对话中往往会选用更具体、更常见的动词。transitiveThe missing page disordered the sequence of instructions.缺失的那一页打乱了说明的步骤顺序。
disorders
present,singular,third-person
disordering
participle,present
disordered
participle,past
disordered
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 5 组
bring disorder to
同义词集:
disorder
disarray
反义: order
上位: alter, change, modify
下位: jumble, mess, mess up, scramble, throw together
disturb in mind or make uneasy or cause to be worried or alarmed
同义词集:
perturb
unhinge
disquiet
trouble
cark
distract
disorder
She was rather perturbed by the news that her father was seriously ill
上位: disturb, trouble, upset
下位: vex, worry
a disturbance of the peace or of public order
同义词集:
disorder
反义: order
上位: state
下位: anarchy, commotion, confusion, discord, disorderliness, disruption, disturbance, flutter, hoo-ha, hoo-hah, hurly burly, instability, kerfuffle, lawlessness, riot, rioting, roughness, rowdiness, rowdyism, strife, sturm und drang, to-do, turbulence, upheaval
a physical condition in which there is a disturbance of normal functioning;
同义词集:
disorder
upset
the doctor prescribed some medicine for the disorder
everyone gets stomach upsets from time to time
下位: ailment, choking, complaint, disturbance, failure, folie, hyperactivity, ill, mental disorder, mental disturbance, psychological disorder, strangulation
a condition in which things are not in their expected places
同义词集:
disorderliness
disorder
the files are in complete disorder
反义: order, orderliness
上位: condition, status
下位: clutter, fuddle, jumble, mare's nest, mess, messiness, muddle, muss, mussiness, shambles, smother, welter
🌳 词源
源自中古法语 desordre,最终来自表示“相反、否定”的前缀和表示“秩序”的词根;从字面上也可理解为“失去秩序”。
Borrowed from Middle French desordre (modern French désordre), from Old French desordre, from des- + ordre; by surface analysis, dis- + order (<< Latin ōrdō).
Compare typologically Russian непоря́док (neporjádok), беспоря́док (besporjádok), неуря́дица (neurjádica) (akin to ряд (rjad), поря́док (porjádok)).
🔄 变式
disordered
past
disordering
present
disorders
plural
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