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discredit
★★
🇺🇸 /dɪskɹˈɛdʌt/
🇬🇧 /dɪsˈkɹɛd.ɪt/
discredit既可作名词,表示可信度或声誉受损,也可作动词,表示使人、观点或证据失去可信性。
💡 记忆钩子
把“信用”这盏灯打灭:动词discredit就是主动把某人、某个观点或证据的可信性打掉;名词则指这种打击、被打掉后的状态,或因此造成的坏名声。
📝 学习建议
- 建议先掌握动词的两条主线:针对人时是损害名誉,针对观点或证据时是使其显得不可信;再把名词理解为这种结果或行为。
- 不要把discredit一律当成普通的“不相信”;它通常带有削弱可信度或名誉的意味,力度比单纯表示怀疑更强。
📖 中文释义
noun
-
common 否定或怀疑📖 指不接受某个说法为可信,或对它进行削弱可信性的行为;它关注的是“信用被打掉”这一动作或做法。💡 常作不可数名词,置于表示行为或态度的名词后,如“the discredit of + 说法”。这个用法较正式,不能简单把它当作日常口语中的“怀疑”来替换所有相关表达。countable uncountableThe article was intended as a discredit of the official account.这篇文章意在削弱官方说法的可信性。
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common 有损名誉的人或事📖 指会让某个人、家庭、团体或机构显得丢脸、失去声望的人或事情,也就是给它的“信用”造成损害的来源。💡 常见结构是“be a discredit to + 人或团体”,其中a不能省略,因为这里指一个具体的丢脸因素。不要把它误解为“受到怀疑的人”,重点是它给别人带来的名誉损害。countableHis dishonest conduct was a discredit to the entire team.他的不诚实行为让整个团队蒙羞。
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core 失去信誉的状态📖 指某人、说法或机构已经不再被信任、声誉已经受损的状态,是“信用之灯被打灭”后的结果。💡 常见结构是“fall into discredit”或“bring something into discredit”,通常不用冠词。这个搭配偏正式,主语可以是观点、制度、机构或人物的名声。uncountableThe scandal brought the institution into discredit.这桩丑闻使该机构失去了信誉。
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common 丢脸或坏名声📖 指受到轻视、蒙受羞辱或拥有坏名声的程度,强调声誉层面的负面评价。💡 常见结构是“bring discredit on + 人或团体”,这里通常不加冠词。它多用于正式或书面语境,不能和表示具体丑闻或责备的普通名词随意互换。uncountableThe scandal brought discredit on the whole profession.这桩丑闻使整个行业蒙羞。
discredits
plural
verb
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core 损害某人的名誉📖 指通过言行、指责或揭露等方式,让某个人显得不值得信任或尊敬;也就是把这个人的“信用”打掉。💡 常见结构是“discredit + 人”,也可说“try to discredit + 人”表示试图损害对方声誉。它不是单纯的批评,通常暗含让旁人不再信任或尊重此人的目的。transitiveThe candidate tried to discredit his opponent.这名候选人试图损害对手的声誉。The witness was attacked in an attempt to discredit her.有人攻击这名证人,企图损害她的可信度。
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core 使观点或证据显得不可靠📖 指让一个观点、理论、说法或证据看起来不真实、不足以令人信服;这里被打掉的是内容本身的可信性。💡 常见结构是“discredit + 观点/理论/证据/说法”,动词直接接这些对象。不要把它理解成已经证明对方完全错误;它有时只表示削弱其说服力或可靠程度。transitiveThe new evidence discredited the earlier theory.新的证据使先前的理论失去了可信性。One mistake was not enough to discredit the entire report.一个错误还不足以让整份报告失去可信性。
discredits
present,singular,third-person
discrediting
participle,present
discredited
participle,past
discredited
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 4 组
reject as false; refuse to accept
同义词集:
disbelieve
discredit
反义: believe
上位: reject
下位: distrust, doubt, mistrust, suspect
cause to be distrusted or disbelieved
同义词集:
discredit
The paper discredited the politician with its nasty commentary
上位: brush aside, brush off, discount, dismiss, disregard, ignore, push aside
damage the reputation of
同义词集:
discredit
disgrace
This newspaper story discredits the politicians
上位: belittle, disparage, pick at
the state of being held in low esteem;
同义词集:
disrepute
discredit
your actions will bring discredit to your name
because of the scandal the school has fallen into disrepute
反义: reputation, repute
上位: dishonor, dishonour
下位: infamy
🌳 词源
由否定前缀dis-和credit构成,核心意象是“夺走信用”。
Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁
Proto-Indo-European *d(w)is-
Proto-Italic *dis-
Latin dis-
Old French des-bor.
▲
Latin dis-bor.
Middle English dis-
English dis-
English credit
English discredit
From dis- + credit.
🔄 变式
discredited
past
discrediting
present
discredits
plural
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