← 返回单词列表
discipline
★★★
🇺🇸 /dˈɪsʌplʌn/
🇬🇧 /ˈdɪsɪplɪn/
discipline 主要表示通过训练和约束让人或行为变得有条理、有控制力,也可指一个专门的知识或实践领域。
💡 记忆钩子
把 discipline 想成一根把行为和能力“收拢、排整齐”的绳子:用训练把人带上轨道,是“训练、管教”;人自己能把冲动收住,是“自律”;被收拢并形成体系的知识,则成了一个“学科”或专业领域。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“自律、训练、管教”这一组相互关联的意思,再记“学科、领域”的意思;不要只把 discipline 记成“惩罚”。
- 中文学习者容易把它机械地理解成“纪律”,但它既可以指个人的自我控制,也可以指知识领域;看到上下文中的训练、行为控制或学术领域时分别判断。
📖 中文释义
noun
-
core 自律;行为控制📖 指一个人能够控制自己的冲动和行为,按要求或目标持续行动;这种“把自己收拢好”的能力可以来自训练,也可以靠自己培养。💡 常用结构是 have discipline to do something、show discipline 或 maintain discipline;表示个人能力时通常不可数,表示某种具体的纪律要求时也可作可数名词。它既能描述积极的自我管理,也能描述对群体秩序的要求。不要误以为它只表示严厉惩罚,很多语境中它强调的是稳定的自我控制。countable uncountableLearning a language takes discipline and regular practice.学习一门语言需要自律和规律的练习。She showed great discipline and finished the project on time.她表现出很强的自律,按时完成了项目。
-
common 学科;专业领域📖 指一个有明确内容、方法和研究或实践范围的知识领域;可以把分散的知识整理成一个体系。💡 常见结构是 a scientific discipline、an academic discipline 或 work in a discipline;这里通常是可数名词。这个意思常见于教育、研究和专业介绍,语体比日常谈话稍正式。不要把它理解成某个具体的课程安排,它更常指一个完整的知识或实践领域。countable uncountablePsychology is a discipline that studies human behavior.心理学是一门研究人类行为的学科。
disciplines
plural
verb
-
core 训练;教导📖 指通过反复指导和练习,使某人获得技能、习惯或受控的行为方式;重点是把人逐步训练上轨道。💡 常见结构是 discipline someone in something、discipline someone to do something,或直接说 discipline a team。它强调有规则的训练过程,常用于教育、体育和工作环境。需要表达普通的知识传授时,用 teach 更自然;discipline 往往还暗含要求和约束。transitiveThe coach disciplined the young players to follow the team's routine.教练训练年轻队员遵守球队的日常安排。The program disciplines students in careful laboratory work.这个项目训练学生进行严谨的实验室工作。
-
common 管教;使服从权威📖 指通过明确的规则和反复要求,让某人学会服从合法的权威或组织安排;这是把行为纳入既定秩序。💡 常用结构是 discipline someone for breaking a rule 或 discipline someone to obey the rules;宾语通常是人或群体。这个意思常见于学校、军队、家庭和组织管理语境,正式程度取决于场合。不要把它和单纯的 persuade 混同,它通常包含规则、权威或纠正行为的意味。transitiveThe school disciplined the student for repeatedly ignoring safety rules.学校因这名学生反复无视安全规定而对他进行管教。
-
common 惩罚以恢复控制📖 指为了让失控的行为重新受到控制而实施惩罚;这是“收拢行为”这一核心概念中最强硬的一种做法。💡 常见结构是 discipline someone for something,后面接违规行为或原因。这个意思通常带有正式的管理或惩戒色彩,尤其常用于学校、机构和军队。不要默认它指身体惩罚,具体惩罚方式必须由上下文说明。transitiveThe manager disciplined the employee for falsifying the report.经理因这名员工伪造报告而对他进行了惩罚。
-
common 使有秩序;约束📖 指对某人施加规则或安排,使其行为变得有秩序、受控制;不一定强调具体的惩罚。💡 常见结构是 discipline someone or something into order,也可以说 discipline a workforce or a process。这个用法比表示训练更强调结果,即让原本散乱或失控的对象恢复秩序,语气较正式。不要把宾语只限于儿童,团队、组织和行为过程也可以成为被整理和约束的对象。transitiveClear procedures disciplined the busy team into a more orderly workflow.明确的流程使忙碌的团队形成了更有秩序的工作流程。
disciplines
present,singular,third-person
disciplining
participle,present
disciplined
participle,past
disciplined
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 7 组
training to improve strength or self-control
同义词集:
discipline
上位: grooming, preparation, training
下位: yoga
the act of disciplining
同义词集:
discipline
correction
the offenders deserved the harsh discipline they received
上位: penalisation, penalization, penalty, punishment
下位: spanking
punish in order to gain control or enforce obedience
同义词集:
discipline
correct
sort out
The teacher disciplined the pupils rather frequently
上位: penalise, penalize, punish
develop (a child's or animal's) behavior by instruction and practice; especially to teach self-control;
同义词集:
discipline
train
check
condition
Parents must discipline their children
Is this dog trained?
上位: develop, make grow
the trait of being well behaved
同义词集:
discipline
he insisted on discipline among the troops
上位: trait
下位: control, restraint, self-denial, self-discipline
a system of rules of conduct or method of practice;
同义词集:
discipline
he quickly learned the discipline of prison routine
for such a plan to work requires discipline
上位: system, system of rules
a branch of knowledge; ;
同义词集:
discipline
subject
subject area
subject field
field
field of study
study
bailiwick
in what discipline is his doctorate?
teachers should be well trained in their subject
anthropology is the study of human beings
上位: domain, knowledge base, knowledge domain
下位: applied science, architecture, arts, communication theory, communications, divinity, engineering, engineering science, frontier, genealogy, humanistic discipline, humanities, liberal arts, major, science, scientific discipline, technology, theology
🌳 词源
源自拉丁语 disciplina,原意与“教导、学习”有关,后来发展出训练、约束和学科等意思。
From Middle English [Term?], from Anglo-Norman, from Old French descipline, from Latin disciplina (“instruction”), from discipulus (“pupil”), influenced by disco (“to learn”), from Proto-Indo-European *dek- (“(cause to) accept”).
🔄 变式
disciplined
past
disciplines
plural
disciplining
present
🏷 单词标签 & 词根