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determine
★★★★
🇺🇸 /dʌtˈɚmʌn/
determine 主要表示“确定、查明、决定”,也可表示某因素塑造或限定结果。
💡 记忆钩子
把 determine 想成给事情画出边界:先把事实查清,因而确定答案;也可以由某个因素给结果定形,或由人定下决心、让事情朝某个方向发展。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“查明”和“决定做某事”两个核心义项,再扩展到“决定结果、塑造特征”。
- determine 不只是“下决心”;在问题、原因或数据作主语时,常表示“确定、决定或影响结果”。
📖 中文释义
verb
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common 限定;划定界限📖 指给事物划出范围或边界,使它不再无限延伸;这是“确定”这一核心概念的较具体用法。💡 常见结构是“determine the limits/boundaries of something”。这种用法比“查明”或“决定”更正式,也常见于规则、范围和抽象概念的说明。不要把它简单理解成物理上的画线,它也可以限定时间、范围或权限。The agreement determines the boundaries of each department's responsibility.这份协议划定了各部门的责任范围。
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core 查明;确定事实📖 通过分析、计算、调查或观察,把原本不确定的答案弄清楚。这里的 determine 不是“决定要做什么”,而是“找出真实答案”。💡 常见结构是“determine whether/what/how...”或“determine the cause/result”。主语通常是人、研究、测试或证据;后面可接宾语从句。不要把它和仅表示猜测的词混用,它通常暗示经过了某种查证过程。The test will determine whether the water is safe to drink.这项检测将确定这些水是否可以安全饮用。We need more evidence to determine the cause of the problem.我们需要更多证据来查明问题的原因。
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common 决定;塑造📖 指某种因素给事物定下形式、性质或发展结果,好像为它“定形”。重点不是某人当场作决定,而是某因素对结果起决定性作用。💡 常见结构是“something determines the character/quality/outcome of something”。主语通常是条件、因素、环境或经历,宾语是性质、结果或形式。表示一般影响时,determine 往往比“影响”更强,带有结果基本由它定下来的意味。Early experiences can determine a child's attitude toward learning.早期经历可能塑造孩子对学习的态度。
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common 促使;使朝某方向发展📖 指某件事推动某人采取行动或走向某个方向,相当于为行动定下路线。它连接的是原因和随后发生的行动。💡 常见结构是“determine someone to do something”,其中 to 后接动词原形。这个结构较正式,日常英语中常用“persuade”或“lead someone to...”表达相近意思。不要写成“determine someone doing something”。The urgent message determined her to leave immediately.那条紧急消息促使她立刻离开。
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common 裁定;作出决定📖 指有权力的人、机构或法院对争议、问题或案件作出正式而有结论的决定。它把悬而未决的事情“定下来”。💡 常见结构是“a court/committee determines a case/question”或“determine that...”。这种用法正式,尤其常见于法律、行政和机构决定;普通个人决定通常优先用“decide”。这里的宾语是问题、案件或结论,不是通常意义上的行动计划。The committee will determine whether the proposal should be approved.委员会将决定是否批准这项提案。
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core 下定决心;决定做📖 指经过考虑后把意图固定下来,决定采取某个行动。它仍然保留“把事情定下来”的核心画面,但重点落在行动者的决心上。💡 常见结构是“determine to do something”或“be determined to do something”。前者表示作出决定,后者表示意志坚定;后者中的 determined 是常用形容词。日常对话里“decide to”更普通,determine to 往往较正式或强调决心。She determined to finish the project before Friday.她下定决心在星期五以前完成这个项目。He was determined to solve the problem himself.他决心自己解决这个问题。
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rare 给概念下定义;限定范围📖 在逻辑、数学或哲学等专业语境中,指通过补充区别性特征来明确一个概念的范围,使它和其他概念区分开。💡 常见于“determine a concept/term by...”等专业表达,普通交流中通常用“define”或“specify”。它不是一般的“查答案”,而是从概念结构上规定其适用范围。学习者阅读学术文本时识别此义即可。
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rare 结束;终止📖 表示把某事推到终点或使其停止,是“把事情定到尽头”的古旧或现已少见用法。💡 现代英语中几乎不这样使用,尤其不要用它代替普通的“end”或“finish”。阅读法律史、古典文本或旧式英语时可能遇到它;现代写作应根据语境改用更常见的词。intransitive transitive
determines
present,singular,third-person
determining
participle,present
determined
participle,past
determined
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 8 组
reach, make, or come to a decision about something
同义词集:
decide
make up one's mind
determine
We finally decided after lengthy deliberations
下位: adjudicate, choose, decree, govern, judge, measure, measure out, mensurate, order, orient, orientate, pick out, purpose, regularise, regularize, regulate, resolve, rule, seal, select, take, try, will
fix conclusively or authoritatively
同义词集:
determine
set
set the rules
下位: assess, charge, date, format, identify, place, price, tax, value
fix in scope; fix the boundaries of
同义词集:
determine
the tree determines the border of the property
上位: define, delimit, delimitate, delineate, specify
下位: nail down, narrow, narrow down, peg down, pin down, specify
shape or influence; give direction to;
同义词集:
determine
shape
mold
influence
regulate
experience often determines ability
mold public opinion
上位: cause, do, make
下位: decide, dispose, incline, index, pace, reshape, time
settle conclusively; come to terms
同义词集:
settle
square off
square up
determine
We finally settled the argument
上位: conclude, resolve
下位: clear, clinch, compromise, concert, solve
establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study;
同义词集:
determine
find
find out
ascertain
find the product of two numbers
The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
下位: count, enumerate, gauge, locate, number, numerate, rectify, sequence, situate, translate
find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort; ; ;
同义词集:
determine
check
find out
see
ascertain
watch
learn
I want to see whether she speaks French
See whether it works
find out if he speaks Russian
Check whether the train leaves on time
下位: test
decide upon or fix definitely;
同义词集:
specify
set
determine
define
fix
limit
fix the variables
specify the parameters
上位: choose, pick out, select, take
下位: define, name, quantify, reset
🌳 词源
源自拉丁语 determināre,原意是“划定边界、限定”,因此发展出“确定、限定、决定”等含义。
From Middle English determinen, from Old French determiner, French déterminer, from Latin determināre (“to bound, limit, prescribe, fix, determine”), from de + termināre (“to limit”), from terminus (“bound, limit, end”).
🔄 变式
determined
past
determines
present
determining
present
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