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defense

🇺🇸 /dɪfˈɛns/ 🇬🇧 /dɪˈfɛns/
noun 编号: D00654 BNC #16875 COCA #657
defense 主要表示“防御、保护”，也可引申为支持某人或某事的理由、辩护，以及体育中的防守和政府的军事防务。
💡 记忆钩子
把 defense 想成一面挡在危险前面的盾：最初是挡住攻击、保护自己；这面盾也可以变成替人说话的理由，表示支持或辩护；在球场上则是挡住对手的防守，在国家层面则扩展为军事防务。
📝 学习建议
  • 先掌握“防御、保护”和“支持或辩护”这两个核心义，再学习体育和军事语境中的专门用法。
  • 不要把 defense 只理解成“防守动作”；在普通文章中，它也常指为某人或某事提供支持的立场或理由。
📖 中文释义
noun
  • core 防御；保护
    📖 指抵御攻击、危险或伤害的行动或过程，就像用盾牌把危险挡在外面。
    💡 常用“defense against + 危险”或“a strong defense”表示防御某种威胁或一套防护措施。表示一般概念时常不可数，表示具体措施时可数。不要只把它用于军事场景，疾病防护、网络安全和个人保护中也很常见。
    US countable uncountable
    The walls provided defense against the invading army.
    城墙为抵御入侵军队提供了防护。
    Regular exercise helps strengthen the body's natural defenses.
    经常锻炼有助于增强身体的自然防御力。
  • common 防守；防守队员
    📖 在团队运动中，指用来阻止对手得分或进攻的防守部分，也可指负责防守的队员或整体防守阵容。
    💡 常见结构是“the defense”或“play defense”，也可说“on defense”表示处于防守方。具体含义要看运动项目和上下文，既可能指战术，也可能指防守队员整体。不要把它和只表示一次防守动作的普通动词混为一谈。
    US countable uncountable
    Our defense stopped the other team from scoring in the final minutes.
    比赛最后几分钟，我们的防守阻止了对方球队得分。
  • core 支持；辩护
    📖 指支持某人、某个观点或某件事的理由和说法，相当于为对方竖起一面看不见的盾。
    💡 常用“come to someone's defense”表示站出来支持某人，也可用“in defense of + 对象”引出支持的对象。这里通常不是法律程序中的正式辩护，而是日常语境中的替人解释、维护或支持。注意它可以支持一个人，也可以支持一个观点或决定。
    US countable uncountable
    Her brother came to her defense when the criticism became unfair.
    批评变得不公平时，她哥哥站出来替她说话。
  • common 法律辩护；被告方
    📖 在法律语境中，指为被告或某一方提出的辩护理由，也可指负责辩护的一方。
    💡 常见结构是“the defense argues that + 从句”或“the defense attorney”，用于法庭和法律报道。此义比一般的支持或维护更正式，通常与控方相对。不要把“the defense”自动理解成被告本人，它也可能指律师团队或辩护立场。
    US broadly countable uncountable
    The defense argued that the evidence was unreliable.
    辩方主张这份证据不可靠。
  • common 军事防务；国防体系
    📖 指政府与军队有关的国防政策、军事机构或防务基础设施，是“保护国家”这一核心概念在政府层面的扩展。
    💡 常见于政府、军事和政治语境，常与“national”“spending”“department”等词搭配。它通常是不可数的总体概念，但指具体机构或政策时也可以使用限定词。这个义项常带有较委婉的官方色彩，不等同于一次具体的战斗防御。
    US countable euphemistic uncountable
    The government plans to increase defense spending next year.
    政府计划明年增加国防开支。
  • rare 禁令
    📖 旧式用法中指禁止某种行为的规定，可以看作“防止某事发生”的制度化形式。
    💡 通常只在历史文献或仿古语境中出现，现代日常英语中不这样使用。遇到现代法律或规章文本时，应根据上下文判断它是否仍保留这一旧义。不要把它当作普通的“防御”义来主动使用。
    US countable obsolete uncountable
defenses plural
verb
  • common 防守
    📖 指在比赛中采用防守策略，挡住或限制对手的进攻，是“用盾牌挡住攻击”这一核心画面在球场上的用法。
    💡 常见于“defense against + 进攻”或“defense the attack”这样的体育报道结构。该用法地域性和专业性较强，主要见于美式英语的运动语境。普通交流中不要把它当作所有场合都自然的“防守”动词。
    US
    The team learned to defense the attack without leaving gaps.
    这支球队学会了在不留下空当的情况下防守对方的进攻。
defenses present,singular,third-person defensing participle,present defensed participle,past defensed past
verb
  • rare 设防；保护
    📖 旧式地指给某地配置防御设施或采取措施保护它，仍然围绕“竖起盾牌挡住危险”的核心概念。
    💡 只需在古英语或历史叙述中识别这一用法，不建议主动模仿。它可直接描述被保护的地点或对象，但现代英语通常会换用更常见的表达。注意这里不是体育中的临场防守义。
    US archaic
defenses present,singular,third-person defensing participle,present defensed participle,past defensed past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 12 组
the act of defending someone or something against attack or injury;
同义词集: defense defence
a good boxer needs a good defense
defense against hurricanes is an urgent problem
上位: protection
protection from harm
同义词集: defense defence
sanitation is the best defense against disease
上位: protection
(military) military action or resources protecting a country against potential enemies;
同义词集: defense defence defensive measure
they died in the defense of Stalingrad
they were developed for the defense program
上位: action, military action 下位: minelaying, mining, stand, umbrella
a defendant's answer or plea denying the truth of the charges against him
同义词集: defense defence denial demurrer
he gave evidence for the defense
反义: criminal prosecution, prosecution 下位: entrapment
a structure used to defend against attack
同义词集: defensive structure defense defence
the artillery battered down the defenses
上位: construction, structure 下位: fastness, fort, fortification, fortress, munition, stronghold
the justification for some act or belief
同义词集: defense defence vindication
he offered a persuasive defense of the theory
上位: justification 下位: alibi, apologia, apology, exculpation, excuse, self-justification
the speech act of answering an attack on your assertions;
同义词集: refutation defense defence
his refutation of the charges was short and persuasive
in defense he said the other man started it
上位: answer 下位: rebuttal
an organization of defenders that provides resistance against attack
同义词集: defense defence defense force defence force
he joined the defense against invasion
上位: organisation, organization 下位: bastion
the defendant and his legal advisors collectively
同义词集: defense defence defense team defense lawyers
the defense called for a mistrial
反义: prosecution 上位: accumulation, aggregation, assemblage, collection
(sports) the team that is trying to prevent the other team from scoring
同义词集: defense defence defending team
his teams are always good on defense
反义: offence, offense 上位: squad, team
the federal department responsible for safeguarding national security of the United States; created in 1947
同义词集: department of defense defense department united states department of defense defense dod
(psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires
同义词集: defense mechanism defense reaction defence mechanism defence reaction defense defence
上位: process, unconscious process 下位: compensation, conversion, denial, displacement, isolation, projection, regression, repression
🌳 词源
名词来自中古英语和古法语，源头与“保护”有关；动词义由名词义发展而来，另有一个较早的动词词源。
From Middle English defens, defense, from Old French defens, defense, from Late Latin dēfēnsa (“protection”). Displaced native Old English bewering. The verb is from the noun.
🔄 变式
defensed past defenses plural defensing present
🏷 单词标签 & 词根
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