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defence

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🇺🇸 /dɪfˈɛns/ 🇬🇧 /dɪˈfɛns/
noun 编号: D00644 牛津3000 BNC #788 COCA #21674
defence 主要表示抵御攻击、危险或伤害的保护，也可引申为防御手段、防守一方、辩护理由，以及军事防务；它是英式拼写。
💡 记忆钩子
想象一面挡在威胁前的盾牌：盾牌本身是防御手段，挡住进攻的行动是防卫；在争论中，能挡住批评的理由是辩护，在比赛中挡住对方得分的是防守，在国家层面则扩展为军事防务。
📝 学习建议
  • 先记住“防御、保护”这一核心，再把它延伸到辩护、体育防守和军事防务。
  • 不要把 defence 只理解成“辩护”；在体育和军事语境中，它通常指防守体系或防务。
  • defence 是英式拼写，美式通常写作 defense。
📖 中文释义
noun
  • core 防卫；保护
    📖 指保护人或事物，使其免受攻击、危险或伤害的行动或状态；重点在“挡住威胁”。
    💡 常用结构是 “defence against/from + 威胁” 或 “in defence of + 人或事物”。它既可表示抽象的保护行动，也可表示某次具体防卫；不要把它误当成只用于军事的词。
    UK countable uncountable
    The fence provides defence against strong winds.
    这道围栏可以抵御强风。
    She acted in defence of her younger brother.
    她为了保护弟弟而采取了行动。
  • core 防御手段；防护物
    📖 指用来挡住攻击、危险或伤害的具体东西或措施，也就是那面“盾牌”本身。
    💡 常用结构是 “a defence against + 威胁” 或 “provide/offer defence”。它可以指墙、屏障等有形物，也可以指制度或措施；若强调人的防守行为，通常要用 s1 的抽象意义。
    UK countable uncountable
    The thick walls were an effective defence against the storm.
    厚墙是抵御暴风雨的有效屏障。
    Regular backups are a useful defence against data loss.
    定期备份是防止数据丢失的有用措施。
  • common 辩护；辩解理由
    📖 指在争论、批评或指控面前，用来支持自己或证明某事合理的理由；它是在言语上挡住攻击的“盾牌”。
    💡 常用结构是 “in defence of + 人或事物” 或 “a defence against + 指责”。它既可指辩护行为，也可指提出的理由；法律语境中还可指被告一方的辩护。不要把它简单等同于“解释”，因为这里通常带有回应攻击或指控的意味。
    UK countable uncountable
    He offered no defence against the criticism.
    他没有提出任何理由来回应这番批评。
  • common 防守策略
    📖 在团队运动中，指阻止对方得分的整体策略和战术；它是把“挡住进攻”应用到比赛中。
    💡 常用结构是 “play defence” 或 “a strong/effective defence”。这里通常指整套防守打法，而不是某一名球员；它与 offence 相对。英式英语中这种体育意义很常见。
    UK countable uncountable
    The team used a tight defence in the second half.
    这支球队在下半场采取了严密的防守。
  • common 防守队；防守一方
    📖 在团队运动中，指专门阻止对方得分的那部分队员或整条防守线；这里说的是“谁来举盾牌”。
    💡 常用结构是 “the defence + 动词” 或 “break through the defence”。它指队伍中的防守部分，不一定只包括一个固定位置；具体职位名称要根据运动项目另行判断。
    UK countable uncountable
    Their defence stopped every attack in the final minutes.
    他们的防守队在最后几分钟挡住了对方的每次进攻。
  • common 国防；军事防务
    📖 指政府为军事防卫建立的政策、机构或相关基础设施，是把“保护国家”扩大到国家层面的用法。
    💡 常用结构是 “the Department/Ministry of Defence” 或 “defence policy/spending”。在政府和新闻语境中通常是不可数概念，也可指相关部门或体系；不要把它理解为普通个人防护。
    UK countable uncountable
    The government announced an increase in defence spending.
    政府宣布增加国防开支。
  • rare 禁令
    📖 旧用法，指禁止某种行为的规定；可以看作把防御威胁扩大为“挡住某种做法”。
    💡 通常只在历史文献或古旧法律语境中出现。现代英语中表示“禁令”一般不用 defence，而用 ban、prohibition 或 restriction 等词。
    UK countable obsolete uncountable
defences plural
verb
  • rare 设防；加固
    📖 古旧用法，指给某地或某物设置防御设施，使它更能抵挡攻击；就是把名词所说的“盾牌”装上去。
    💡 通常用于历史叙述或古典文本，常见被动形式 “be defenced”。现代英语中不要用它表达普通的“防守”或“保护”，应改用 defend 或 fortify。
    UK obsolete transitive
defences present,singular,third-person defencing participle,present defenced participle,past defenced past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 11 组
the act of defending someone or something against attack or injury;
同义词集: defense defence
a good boxer needs a good defense
defense against hurricanes is an urgent problem
上位: protection
protection from harm
同义词集: defense defence
sanitation is the best defense against disease
上位: protection
(military) military action or resources protecting a country against potential enemies;
同义词集: defense defence defensive measure
they died in the defense of Stalingrad
they were developed for the defense program
上位: action, military action 下位: minelaying, mining, stand, umbrella
a defendant's answer or plea denying the truth of the charges against him
同义词集: defense defence denial demurrer
he gave evidence for the defense
反义: criminal prosecution, prosecution 下位: entrapment
a structure used to defend against attack
同义词集: defensive structure defense defence
the artillery battered down the defenses
上位: construction, structure 下位: fastness, fort, fortification, fortress, munition, stronghold
the justification for some act or belief
同义词集: defense defence vindication
he offered a persuasive defense of the theory
上位: justification 下位: alibi, apologia, apology, exculpation, excuse, self-justification
the speech act of answering an attack on your assertions;
同义词集: refutation defense defence
his refutation of the charges was short and persuasive
in defense he said the other man started it
上位: answer 下位: rebuttal
an organization of defenders that provides resistance against attack
同义词集: defense defence defense force defence force
he joined the defense against invasion
上位: organisation, organization 下位: bastion
the defendant and his legal advisors collectively
同义词集: defense defence defense team defense lawyers
the defense called for a mistrial
反义: prosecution 上位: accumulation, aggregation, assemblage, collection
(sports) the team that is trying to prevent the other team from scoring
同义词集: defense defence defending team
his teams are always good on defense
反义: offence, offense 上位: squad, team
(psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires
同义词集: defense mechanism defense reaction defence mechanism defence reaction defense defence
上位: process, unconscious process 下位: compensation, conversion, denial, displacement, isolation, projection, regression, repression
🌳 词源
名词来自中古英语和古法语，源自晚期拉丁语 dēfēnsa，意为“保护”；动词来自中古英语和古法语，源自拉丁语 dēfēnsō。
From Middle English defens, defense, from Old French defens, defense, from Late Latin dēfēnsa (“protection”). Displaced Old English bewering.
🔄 变式
defenced past defences plural defencing present
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