← 返回单词列表
damage
★★★★
🇺🇸 /dˈæmʌdʒ/
damage的核心意思是“损害、受损的结果”,作名词可指损坏本身或由此造成的损失,也可在非正式语境中指账单金额;作动词主要表示损坏某物。
💡 记忆钩子
把damage想成一个东西被撞坏后留下的“损失”:坏掉的状态或损失是名词,造成这种破坏是动词;在口语中,账单金额也被戏称为这次造成的“损失”。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“损坏、损害”这一核心义,再记账单金额的非正式用法和零售行业的特殊动词用法。
- 不要把damage只理解成“物理损坏”;它也可指名誉、价值或整体状况受到损害。
📖 中文释义
noun
-
core 损坏;损害📖 指某物、某人的状况、价值或名誉受到破坏,或这种破坏所造成的损失。重点不是“动作”本身,而是东西已经不再完好,或者受到的伤害可以被观察、评估。💡 常用“do damage to + 名词”“cause damage to + 名词”和“damage to + 名词”。表示总体损害时通常用不可数形式;若强调多处或多种损坏,可以用复数damages,但不要把一般意义的损害随意写成复数。countable uncountableThe storm caused serious damage to several houses.暴风雨给几所房屋造成了严重损坏。The company is still trying to repair the damage to its reputation.这家公司仍在努力挽回对其声誉造成的损害。
-
common 账单金额📖 在非正式口语中,damage可以把一次消费要付的钱说成“这次造成的损失”,常用于询问账单或总价。💡 常见句型是“What’s the damage?”,通常在吃饭、购物或服务结束后询问应付多少钱。这个说法带玩笑或随意色彩,不适合合同、发票等正式文本;不要在所有“费用”语境中都用damage替代cost或price。countable slang uncountableWe enjoyed the meal, but what’s the damage?这顿饭吃得很开心,不过账单是多少?
damages
plural
verb
-
core 损坏;损害📖 指使物品、建筑、身体、名誉或价值受到损害,使它不再完好或不如以前。它强调造成损害的动作,与名词damage表示的损害结果相连。💡 常用“damage + 物品/机构/名誉”等直接宾语,也常见“be badly/severely damaged”。damage通常不接表示对象的to;应说“damage the car”,而不是“damage to the car”来表达主动动作。transitivePlease pack the glasses carefully so you don’t damage them.请把玻璃杯仔细包装好,以免把它们弄坏。The leak damaged the ceiling and the wooden floor.漏水损坏了天花板和木地板。
-
rare 受到损害📖 这是表示“承受损害、受到破坏”的不及物用法,现代英语中已过时,通常由be damaged或take damage等表达取代。intransitive obsolete
-
rare 下架处理受损商品📖 在零售业内部用语中,指把受损或无法销售的商品从货架撤下,交给相应流程处理;它是核心“使商品失去可售状态”概念的行业延伸。💡 通常使用“damage + 商品”这一及物结构,主语多为店员或零售系统中的工作人员。这个义项属于行业内部用语,普通消费者对话中一般不用;不要把它误解为单纯描述商品已经损坏。transitive
damages
present,singular,third-person
damaging
participle,present
damaged
participle,past
damaged
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 7 组
inflict damage upon;
同义词集:
damage
The snow damaged the roof
She damaged the car when she hit the tree
上位: alter, change, modify
下位: afflict, bang up, blemish, break, bruise, burn, corrode, deflower, disturb, eat, eat away, erode, flaw, fret, frost, hurt, impair, injure, mar, rust, shatter, smash, smash up, smite, spoil, total, vitiate
the act of damaging something or someone
同义词集:
damage
harm
hurt
scathe
下位: burn, defacement, disfiguration, disfigurement, impairment, mutilation, wound, wounding
suffer or be susceptible to damage
同义词集:
damage
These fine china cups damage easily
上位: change
any harm or injury resulting from a violation of a legal right
同义词集:
wrong
legal injury
damage
上位: injury
loss of military equipment
同义词集:
damage
equipment casualty
上位: casualty
the occurrence of a change for the worse
同义词集:
damage
harm
impairment
上位: alteration, change, modification
下位: deformation, detriment, distortion, hurt, ladder, ravel, run
the amount of money needed to purchase something; ;
同义词集:
price
terms
damage
the price of gasoline
he got his new car on excellent terms
how much is the damage?
上位: cost
下位: valuation
🌳 词源
源自中古英语和古法语,最终来自拉丁语中表示“损失、伤害”的词;它基本取代了中古英语的本族词scath。
From Middle English damage, from Old French damage, from Vulgar Latin *damnāticum from Classical Latin damnum. Compare modern French dommage. Largely displaced native Middle English scath (whence unscathed). Cognate with Spanish daño, Portuguese dano, Italian danno, French dam, Romanian daună.
🔄 变式
damaged
past
damages
plural
damaging
present
🏷 单词标签 & 词根