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control

★★★★★
🇺🇸 /kʌntɹˈoʊl/ 🇬🇧 /kənˈtɹɒl/
noun 编号: C03201 牛津3000 BNC #339 COCA #432
control 的核心意思是“掌握并调节”：可以指对人或事物的影响和支配，也可以指机器上的操作部件、对情绪和行动的约束，以及用来防范风险或检验结果的措施。
💡 记忆钩子
把 control 想成“把事情放在手里并按住”：手里有权，就是对局面有控制；按按钮或操纵杆，是控制机器；按住自己的情绪和动作，是自我控制；用规则、检查或对照组把风险和误差按住，则是控制措施、控制实验和控制账户。
📝 学习建议
  • 先掌握名词“控制、支配”和动词“控制、操纵、抑制”这条主线，再学习技术领域的特殊含义。
  • 不要把 control 一律理解成“控制器”；它也常表示抽象的支配权、约束能力或防范措施。
📖 中文释义
noun
  • core 控制权；支配
    📖 指对某人、某事或某种局面拥有影响、决定或管理的权力；也可指这种支配状态本身。这是“把事情握在手里”的最基本含义。
    💡 表示对某对象的支配，用“control over + 名词”；表示掌握局面，常说“have control of/over + 对象”。control 通常不直接等于“命令”，语气可以从管理到强力支配不等。不要把“控制某人”一律译成带有身体操纵意味的表达，要根据上下文判断是管理、影响还是限制。
    countable uncountable
    The government has complete control over the situation.
    政府完全控制了局势。
    She wants more control over her own schedule.
    她希望更能掌控自己的日程安排。
  • core 操纵装置；控制部件
    📖 指用来让机器或系统按要求运行的方式、装置或操作部件，例如按钮、手柄或操纵杆。它仍然是“把机器的动作握在手里”。
    💡 表示具体部件时常用复数“the controls”，并接“on/in + 设备”，也可说“a control for + 功能”。control 可以指一整套操作方式，也可以指其中一个按钮或旋钮。不要只把它理解成“控制面板”，具体所指要看上下文。
    countable uncountable
    The remote control has a button for each function.
    这个遥控器的每项功能都有一个按钮。
  • core 自制；约束能力
    📖 指约束自己的动作、身体或情绪的能力；没有 control 就是无法按住自己的反应。这既可以说一个人的自制力，也可以说身体动作不受控制。
    💡 表示自我约束，常用“control over oneself/one’s emotions”或“self-control”；表示身体或行动不受约束，常用“no control over + 身体部位/动作”。control 在这里不是“控制器”，而是能力或状态。谈情绪时不要误解为完全没有情绪，而是没有把情绪稳住或表达得当。
    countable uncountable
    He lost control of his temper during the argument.
    争论时他没能控制住自己的脾气。
    She had no control over her legs after the accident.
    事故后她无法控制自己的双腿。
  • common 防护措施；风险控制
    📖 指用来抵御攻击、降低风险或弥补系统弱点的安全机制、政策或程序。它是把可能出问题的地方按住的具体办法。
    💡 技术和管理语境中常用“a control against/for + 风险”或“security controls”；谈多项措施时通常用复数 controls。这个意思常见于信息安全、审计和合规文件，语气比日常的“办法”更正式。不要把它误读成“控制权”，这里强调的是防护手段。
    countable uncountable
    The company introduced new security controls after the data breach.
    数据泄露后，公司采取了新的安全防护措施。
  • common 监测与干预措施
    📖 在项目管理中，指用来监测进展、发现偏离计划并触发干预的措施或程序。它把项目重新拉回预定轨道。
    💡 项目管理中常用“project controls”或“controls for monitoring + 项目/进度”；说具体措施时可用“a control to detect/prevent + 问题”。这个词义较专业，通常指一套持续检查和纠偏的安排，而不是单次命令。不要只理解为“项目控制权”。
    countable uncountable
    The project team set up controls to track costs and deadlines.
    项目团队建立了监测成本和截止日期的控制措施。
  • common 对照组；对照实验
    📖 指实验中用来比较的对照组或对照条件，使研究者能看出某个变量到底产生了什么影响。它通过“拿来对照”把误差和变化分辨出来。
    💡 实验语境中常用“a control group”或“the control”；描述实验设计时常说“use/ include a control group”。control 在这里不是“控制实验”，而是没有接受所研究处理、用来作比较的一方。根据语境，它可以指对照组，也可以指对照实验或对照条件。
    countable uncountable
    The researchers compared the treated mice with a control group.
    研究人员把接受处理的老鼠与对照组进行了比较。
  • rare 核对账册；对照记录
    📖 指另存的一份账簿、登记册或账户，用来核对和纠正另一份记录。这是“通过对照来控制错误”的较旧或专业用法。
    countable uncountable
  • common 界面控件
    📖 在计算机界面中，指用户可以操作的界面元素，如窗口、文本框或按钮。它是把操作权交到用户手里的具体入口。
    💡 计算机语境中常用“a control on/in the interface”或“interface controls”；说多个按钮、文本框等时通常用复数 controls。具体含义要看界面类型，control 不只指按钮，也可泛指可交互的界面元素。不要把它和“控制权”混淆。
    countable uncountable
    Click the control in the upper-right corner to close the window.
    点击右上角的控件来关闭窗口。
  • rare 气候控制因素
    📖 在气候学中，指决定某地气候的自然因素，如纬度、海拔或洋流；这些因素共同“调节”当地气候。
    countable uncountable
  • rare 控制结构
    📖 在语言学中，指一个句法表达式决定另一个谓词所理解的主语的结构，是“由一个成分掌握另一个成分的解释”的专业含义。
    countable uncountable
  • rare 灵媒控制灵
    📖 在灵学语境中，指据称进入灵媒并借其与活人交流的灵体；这是从“占据并支配载体”引申出的边缘用法。
    countable uncountable
  • rare 赛道检查点
    📖 在长距离自行车赛中，指路线上的检查站或补给检查点，参赛者需要在那里接受确认或完成规定流程。
    countable
controls plural
verb
  • core 控制；操纵
    📖 指影响、支配或操纵某人、机器或局面，使其行为按照自己的要求进行。这是动词最常见的“把事情握在手里”的用法。
    💡 直接用“control + 人/机器/局面”，如“control the car”或“control the situation”；也可用“be controlled by + 施动者”。control 可以表示通过操作使机器运行，也可以表示通过权力影响他人。不要把它只理解为强制命令，语境也可能只是调节或管理。
    transitive
    With a simple remote, he could control the toy truck.
    他用一个简单的遥控器就能操纵那辆玩具卡车。
    No one can control everything that happens.
    没有人能控制所有发生的事情。
  • common 控制实验变量
    📖 在实验设计中，指通过安排实验条件来减少或排除一个或多个变量的影响，使结果更容易比较。
    💡 常用“control for + 变量”，表示在分析或实验中排除某变量的影响；也可说“control an experiment for + 变量”。这里的 for 不能省略，因为它说明要控制哪一个干扰因素。这个用法主要见于科学、统计和研究写作，不等于直接操纵实验对象。
    transitive
    The analysis controlled for age and income.
    这项分析控制了年龄和收入这两个变量的影响。
  • rare 核对；查验
    📖 指拿另一份记录来核验某个账户或对象的准确性，是“通过对照来控制错误”的过时用法。
    archaic transitive
  • rare 责问；追究
    📖 指要求某人说明责任、严厉质问或提出挑战，属于废弃的历史用法。
    obsolete transitive
  • core 抑制；克制
    📖 指把动作、冲动或情绪按住，使它不再失控。它与名词的自我控制相对应，重点是限制反应而不是操纵外部设备。
    💡 直接用“control + 情绪/动作/身体部位”，常见搭配有“control one’s anger”和“control one’s breathing”；也可说“control oneself”。表示没能克制时常用“lose control”，不要说成带有物理操作意味的“操作情绪”。
    transitive
    She took a deep breath to control her anger.
    她深吸了一口气来控制自己的怒火。
    He could not control his hands because they were shaking.
    他的手一直发抖，无法控制。
controls present,singular,third-person controlling participle,present controlled participle,past controlled past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 20 组
have a firm understanding or knowledge of; be on top of
同义词集: master control
Do you control these data?
上位: know
be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something; ;
同义词集: see check insure see to it ensure control ascertain assure
He verified that the valves were closed
See that the curtains are closed
control the quality of the product
上位: verify 下位: card, cover, cross-check, proof, proofread
verify by using a duplicate register for comparison
同义词集: control
control an account
上位: ascertain, assure, check, ensure, insure, see, see to it
the activity of managing or exerting control over something
同义词集: control
the control of the mob by the police was admirable
上位: activity 下位: direction, grasping, guidance, imperialism, ownership, possession, prehension, regularisation, regularization, regulating, regulation, repression, restraint, seizing, self-control, self-denial, self-discipline, steerage, steering, taking hold
(physiology) regulation or maintenance of a function or action or reflex etc;
同义词集: control
the timing and control of his movements were unimpaired
he had lost control of his sphincters
上位: activity, bodily function, bodily process, body process
handle and cause to function;
同义词集: operate control
do not operate machinery after imbibing alcohol
control the lever
上位: manipulate 下位: aviate, dial, drive, fly, gate, pedal, pilot, relay, submarine, turn
maintain influence over (others or oneself) skillfully, usually to one's advantage; ; ;
同义词集: manipulate keep in line control
She manipulates her boss
She is a very controlling mother and doesn't let her children grow up
The teacher knew how to keep the class in line
she keeps in line
上位: interact 下位: handle, tease
exercise authoritative control or power over;
同义词集: control command
control the budget
Command the military forces
下位: becharm, care, channelise, channelize, charm, corner, deal, direct, dominate, draw rein, govern, guide, handle, harness, head, hold, manage, maneuver, manoeuver, manoeuvre, master, point, preside, regiment, rein, rein in, rule, steer
place under restrictions; limit access to by law;
同义词集: restrict control
this substance is controlled
that area is restricted to security personnel only
上位: curb, curtail, cut back, restrict 下位: classify, taboo
lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits; ; ;
同义词集: control hold in hold contain check curb moderate
moderate your alcohol intake
hold your tongue
hold your temper
control your anger
上位: hold back, keep, keep back, restrain 下位: abnegate, bate, catch, conquer, counteract, countercheck, crucify, damp, deny, mortify, stamp down, subdue, suppress, thermostat, train
check or regulate (a scientific experiment) by conducting a parallel experiment or comparing with another standard
同义词集: control verify
Are you controlling for the temperature?
上位: essay, examine, prove, test, try, try out
a mechanism that controls the operation of a machine;
同义词集: control controller
the speed controller on his turntable was not working properly
I turned the controls over to her
上位: mechanism 下位: dial, electric switch, electrical switch, governor, joystick, regulator, switch, valve
discipline in personal and social activities;
同义词集: restraint control
he was a model of polite restraint
she never lost control of herself
上位: discipline 下位: inhibition, moderation, self-restraint, temperance, temperateness
power to direct or determine
同义词集: control
under control
上位: power, powerfulness 下位: authorisation, authority, authorization, dominance, hold, potency, rein, say-so
great skillfulness and knowledge of some subject or activity
同义词集: command control mastery
a good command of French
a standard against which other conditions can be compared in a scientific experiment
同义词集: control condition control
the control condition was inappropriate for the conclusions he wished to draw
上位: criterion, standard
the economic policy of controlling or limiting or curbing prices or wages etc.
同义词集: control
they wanted to repeal all the legislation that imposed economic controls
下位: base, cap, ceiling, floor, roof
a spiritual agency that is assumed to assist the medium during a seance
同义词集: control
上位: disembodied spirit, spirit
a relation of constraint of one entity (thing or person or group) by another;
同义词集: control
measures for the control of disease
they instituted controls over drinking on campus
上位: relation
the state that exists when one person or group has power over another
同义词集: dominance ascendance ascendence ascendancy ascendency control
her apparent dominance of her husband was really her attempt to make him pay attention to her
上位: condition, status 下位: absolutism, ascendant, ascendent, despotism, domination, dominion, mastery, monopoly, regulation, rule, supremacy, tyranny
🌳 词源
源自中古英语，最初与用来核对账目的“对照账册”有关，词源含有“相对、对照”和“卷册”的意思。
From Middle English controllen, from Old French contrerole, from Medieval Latin contrārotulus (“a counter-roll or register used to verify accounts”), from Latin contrā (“against, opposite”) + Medieval Latin rotulus, Latin rotula (“roll, a little wheel”), diminutive of rota (“a wheel”). Partly displaced native Old English wealdan and Old English wieldan, whence their merged reflex English wield.
🔄 变式
controlled past controlling present controls plural
🏷 单词标签 & 词根
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