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consume
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🇺🇸 /kʌnsˈum/
🇬🇧 /kənˈsjuːm/
consume 的核心意思是“把某物用掉或吃掉”,也可引申为注意力被完全占据、事物被彻底毁灭,以及消费商品或吸收信息。
💡 记忆钩子
把 consume 想成“把东西整个拿走”:火把建筑烧光,食物被吃掉,资源被用尽;这个“完全占用”的感觉还可以指某种欲望占满人的心思,也可以指人们消费商品、吸收新闻等信息。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“用尽”和“吃掉”两个核心意思,再扩展到“占据心思”“毁灭”和“消费信息”。
- consume 比普通口语里的“吃”或“用”更正式、更强调完整吸收或用尽;不要把它机械地理解成任何情况下的“使用”。
📖 中文释义
verb
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core 用尽;消耗📖 指把资源、燃料、时间等逐渐或完全用掉,重点是可用的东西被消耗了。💡 常用结构是“consume + 资源或数量”,如 consume energy、consume fuel。这个词较正式,常见于说明数据、资源使用或生产过程;若只是说日常使用某件物品,通常不用它表示一般的“用”。transitiveThis machine consumes a lot of electricity.这台机器耗电量很大。The project consumed most of our time.这个项目占用了我们大部分时间。
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core 吃掉;食用📖 指把食物吃下并吸收,常用于较正式的说明、报告或讨论饮食的语境。💡 常用结构是“consume + food、meat、calories”等。它可以表示“吃”,但语气通常比 eat 正式、客观,日常谈自己吃饭时一般优先用 eat;consume 也不一定暗示吃得很快或很多。transitiveAdults should consume less salt.成年人应该少摄入盐。The animal consumed the entire fish.那只动物把整条鱼都吃掉了。
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core 完全占据(思想或注意力)📖 把人的心思或注意力比作会被某种情感、欲望或问题“全部吃掉”,表示人几乎无法再关注别的事。💡 常用结构是“be consumed by + 情感或问题”,也可用“某事 consume + 人”。这种用法通常带有强烈或负面的感情色彩,不能只理解为普通的“使某人感兴趣”;被动结构尤其常见。transitiveShe was consumed by jealousy.嫉妒完全占据了她的心。The mystery consumed his thoughts for weeks.这个谜团几周来一直占据着他的全部思绪。
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common 彻底摧毁📖 指火焰等力量把某物完全烧毁或摧毁,仍然保留“完全吞没、用尽”的核心感觉。💡 常用结构是“be consumed by + fire、flames”等,或“fire consume + 建筑物”。它强调彻底毁灭,不只是造成损坏;描述火灾时,被动形式比主动形式更常见。transitiveThe old warehouse was consumed by fire.那座旧仓库被大火烧毁了。
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rare 逐渐消瘦或衰弱📖 旧用法,指人或事物慢慢衰弱、消瘦下去,可以看作“逐渐被耗尽”。💡 现代英语中几乎不用这种不及物用法,通常只会在古典文学或历史文本中遇到。不要把它和现代常见的及物用法混用。intransitive obsolete
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common 消费商品或服务📖 在经济或社会语境中,指个人花钱购买并使用商品或服务,是“消耗东西”的社会化用法。💡 常用结构是“consume + goods、services”等作及物用法,也可直接用 consume 表示“进行消费”。该用法常见于经济学、商业和社会评论,语气比 buy 更宽,强调使用和消耗,而不只是购买这一动作。intransitive transitivePeople consume more goods during the holiday season.人们在节日期间消费更多商品。
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common 获取并吸收信息📖 指通过电视、互联网等媒介阅读、观看或听取新闻和其他内容,强调把信息吸收进来。💡 常用结构是“consume + news、media、content、information”等。它是现代媒体和网络语境中的常见说法,关注的是接触和吸收内容,不一定表示完全理解;不要只把它理解成购买媒体产品。transitiveYoung people consume news mainly through their phones.年轻人主要通过手机获取新闻。
consumes
present,singular,third-person
consuming
participle,present
consumed
participle,past
consumed
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 6 组
engage fully
同义词集:
consume
The effort to pass the exam consumed all his energy
上位: absorb, engage, engross, occupy
serve oneself to, or consume regularly;
同义词集:
consume
ingest
take in
take
have
Have another bowl of chicken soup!
I don't take sugar in my coffee
反义: abstain, desist, refrain
下位: booze, drink, eat, feed, fill, fuddle, habituate, hit the bottle, imbibe, partake, replete, sample, sate, satiate, sup, taste, touch, try, try out, use
use up (resources or materials); ;
同义词集:
consume
eat up
use up
eat
deplete
exhaust
run through
wipe out
this car consumes a lot of gas
We exhausted our savings
They run through 20 bottles of wine a week
上位: drop, expend, spend
下位: burn, burn off, burn up, drain, exhaust, indulge, luxuriate, play out, run down, sap, spend, tire
spend extravagantly
同义词集:
consume
squander
waste
ware
waste not, want not
上位: drop, expend, spend
下位: dissipate, drink, fling, fool, fool away, fritter, fritter away, frivol away, lavish, luxuriate, shoot, shower, splurge, tope, wanton
eat up completely, as with great appetite;
同义词集:
devour
demolish
down
consume
go through
Some people can down a pound of meat in the course of one meal
The teenagers demolished four pizzas among them
上位: eat up, finish, polish off
destroy completely
同义词集:
consume
The fire consumed the building
上位: destroy, ruin
🌳 词源
来自拉丁语,原有“拿取、取尽”的含义,后来发展出“消耗、吃掉”等意思。
Proto-Indo-European *ḱe?
Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm
Proto-Italic *kom
Proto-Italic *kom-
Latin con-
Proto-Indo-European *upó
Proto-Italic *supo
Latin sub
Latin sub-
Proto-Indo-European *h₁em-
Proto-Indo-European *-eti
Proto-Indo-European *h₁émeti
Proto-Italic *emō
Latin emō
Latin sūmō
Latin cōnsūmōder.
Old French consumerbor.
Middle English consumen
English consume
From Middle English consumen, from Old French consumer, from Latin cōnsūmere, cōnsūmō, from con- (“with, together”) + sūmō (“take; consume”), from sub- + emō (“to buy, take”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁em- (“to take, distribute”), possibly related to the root *nem- (“to take or give one's due”).
🔄 变式
consumed
past
consumes
present
consuming
present
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