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congratulate
★★
🇺🇸 /kʌnɡɹˈætʃʌlˌeɪt/
congratulate 是“向别人道贺、分享喜悦”,也可表示因某事顺利而庆幸或自我称许。
💡 记忆钩子
把 congratulate 想成“把喜悦送到某人身边”:先是为别人的好消息向对方道贺;喜悦转回自己身上时,就是因自己的成功而庆幸或自我称许。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“向某人道贺”这一核心义,再学习 congratulate oneself 表示“庆幸自己做得好”或“自我称许”,不要把后者误解成单纯的“祝贺自己”。
- 不要只按汉语“恭喜”去记;这个词也能用于考试通过、升职、获奖等不一定是喜庆仪式的好事。
📖 中文释义
verb
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core 向某人道贺📖 为某人的成功、好消息或人生喜事感到高兴,并把这份喜悦表达给对方;也就是“恭喜、祝贺”。💡 常用句型是“congratulate someone on something”,也可说“congratulate someone for doing something”。不要说成把事情直接放在 congratulate 后面;被祝贺的人必须先作宾语。这个词本身表示道贺,不等于进一步表达祝愿,必要时可另加祝福内容。I called to congratulate Maya on her promotion.我打电话向玛雅祝贺她升职。Everyone congratulated the team on winning the final.大家都祝贺这支队伍赢得了决赛。
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common 庆幸自己;自我称许📖 把道贺的喜悦转向自己:因为自己的判断、计划或行动取得好结果,而觉得自己很幸运或做得不错。💡 通常使用反身结构“congratulate oneself on something”或“congratulate oneself for doing something”。这里不是向别人表达祝贺,而是书面或叙述中说自己因结果满意;语气有时带一点自得或自嘲。不要漏掉反身代词,否则意思会变成向另一个人道贺。reflexiveShe congratulated herself on saving enough money for the trip.她庆幸自己攒够了旅行所需的钱。
congratulates
present,singular,third-person
congratulating
participle,present
congratulated
participle,past
congratulated
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 4 组
say something to someone that expresses praise
同义词集:
compliment
congratulate
He complimented her on her last physics paper
上位: praise
express congratulations
同义词集:
congratulate
felicitate
上位: bid, wish
pride or congratulate (oneself) for an achievement
同义词集:
preen
congratulate
上位: crow, gloat, triumph
be proud of
同义词集:
pride
plume
congratulate
He prides himself on making it into law school
上位: experience, feel
🌳 词源
1548年首次见于英语,借自拉丁语,词源与“感激、令人愉快”有关。
First attested in 1548; borrowed from Latin congrātulātus, the perfect active participle of Latin congrātulor (“to wish joy, rejoice (with); to congratulate”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from con- + grātulor, from grātus (“grateful, pleasing, agreeable, beloved”) + -or. By surface analysis, con- + gratulate.
🔄 变式
congratulated
past
congratulates
present
congratulating
present
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