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combat
★★★
🇺🇸 /kˈɑmbæt/
combat既可作名词,表示战斗或为胜利而进行的斗争;也可作动词,表示与某种问题或对手作斗争、加以遏制。
💡 记忆钩子
把combat想成双方正面交锋:交锋本身就是“战斗”,为赢得交锋而进行的努力就是“斗争”;作动词时,就是主动迎上去与问题或对手抗争、遏制它。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握动词“与问题作斗争、遏制某事”和名词“战斗”这两个核心义,不要只把它机械地理解成一般的“打架”。
- 它通常强调有目标、有对抗性的斗争;在普通口语中,表示轻微争执时往往不如更日常的词自然。
📖 中文释义
noun
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core 战斗;交战📖 combat指双方正面交锋的战斗,常让人联想到有组织的作战或使用武器的战斗,但也可以泛指激烈的对抗。💡 常见结构是“in combat”或“enter combat”,也可说“combat between A and B”。这个名词既可作可数名词指一次具体战斗,也可作不可数名词指战斗状态或战斗这种活动。它的语气比表示一般打斗的日常词更正式、更有规模感。countable uncountableSeveral soldiers were injured in combat.几名士兵在战斗中受了伤。The two warriors met in single combat.两名武士进行了一对一的决斗。
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common 为胜利而进行的斗争📖 combat也可以不指真实战场,而指双方为取得胜利而展开的激烈较量;双方可能是在竞争,也可能是在对抗某个困难或目标。💡 常见结构是“a combat for victory”或“a combat between A and B”,也可用于较正式的抽象语境。这里强调持续、激烈的对抗,不只是一次意见不合。描述普通比赛时,这个词往往显得比常用的“competition”更有冲突感。countable uncountableThe election became a fierce combat for control of the city.这场选举变成了争夺城市控制权的激烈斗争。
combats
plural
verb
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core 对抗;遏制📖 作动词时,combat就是主动迎上去与问题或对手斗争,努力削弱或消除它;它特别常用于对抗疾病、犯罪、贫困等问题。💡 基本结构是“combat + 问题或威胁”,例如表示“对抗疾病”或“遏制犯罪”。它通常直接带宾语,不说成“combat against”来表示最普通的“对抗某事”;不过名词结构中的介词搭配不能直接套到动词上。这个词正式程度较高,适合政策、报道和正式讨论。transitiveThe new program aims to combat drug addiction.这项新计划旨在遏制毒瘾问题。Trees can help combat air pollution.树木有助于对抗空气污染。
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common 与……斗争;争取胜利📖 这个用法突出双方为了胜利而交锋,既可以是真实战斗,也可以是对手之间的正面较量;重点仍是主动投入这场斗争。💡 可用“combat with + 对手”表示“与某人或某方交战”,也可用“combat for + 目标”表示“为某目标而斗争”。带介词的结构比直接接宾语的“combat + 问题”更少见,也更偏文学或正式语体。学习时不要把它和表示“反对某观点”的普通讨论用语混为一谈。intransitiveThe two teams will combat for the championship tonight.两支队伍今晚将为冠军展开较量。
combats
present,singular,third-person
combating
participle,present
combatting
participle,present
combated
participle,past
combated
past
combatted
participle,past
combatted
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 3 组
an engagement fought between two military forces
同义词集:
combat
armed combat
上位: battle, conflict, engagement, fight
下位: aggression, belligerency, hostilities
battle or contend against in or as if in a battle; ;
同义词集:
battle
combat
The Kurds are combating Iraqi troops in Northern Iraq
We must combat the prejudices against other races
they battled over the budget
上位: contend, fight, struggle
下位: wrestle
the act of fighting; any contest or struggle; ;
同义词集:
fight
fighting
combat
scrap
a fight broke out at the hockey game
there was fighting in the streets
the unhappy couple got into a terrible scrap
上位: battle, conflict, struggle
下位: affaire d'honneur, affray, banging, battering, beating, brawl, brush, clash, disturbance, dogfight, duel, encounter, fencing, fray, free-for-all, gang fight, gunfight, gunplay, hassle, impact, rough-and-tumble, ruffle, rumble, scuffle, set-to, shock, shootout, skirmish, tussle, whipping
🌳 词源
源自中古法语combat,进一步来自古法语combatre;词根含有“共同、一起”和“击打”的意思,核心意象就是彼此交锋。
Vulgar Latin combatto
Old French combatre
French combattredeverb.
French combatbor.
English combat
16th century, borrowed from Middle French combat, deverbal from Old French combatre, from Vulgar Latin *combattere, from Latin com- (“with”) + battuere (“to beat, strike”).
🔄 变式
combated
past
combating
present
combats
plural
combatted
past
combatting
present
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