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circulate
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🇺🇸 /sˈɚkjʌlˌeɪt/
🇬🇧 /ˈsɜː.kjʊˌleɪt/
表示围绕某个中心循环移动,也可引申为在人群中传递、传播,或逐渐广为人知;在数学中还可表示小数循环重复。
💡 记忆钩子
把它想成一个不断转动的圆圈:物体沿着圈移动,是“循环”;人或东西在人群之间一圈圈传递,是“流通、传阅”;消息在人与人之间传开,最后大家都知道,也是从“绕圈传递”引申出来的。
📝 学习建议
- 建议先掌握“循环移动”和“传递、传播”两条主线,再记数学中的“小数循环”这一专门用法。
- 不要只把它机械地理解成“循环”;它也常指文件、消息等在多人之间传递,或消息逐渐广为人知。
📖 中文释义
verb
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core 循环移动📖 指人、物体或某种流体沿着一个范围、路线或系统不断移动,形成循环。核心画面是“沿着圆圈或回路走”。💡 常见结构是“主语 + circulate + through/around + 地点或系统”。这是不及物用法,后面不能直接接被移动的东西;在科学或说明性语境中常用于空气、血液等,也能用于人群移动。intransitiveFresh air circulates through the building.新鲜空气在大楼内循环流通。People began to circulate around the room after dinner.晚饭后,人们开始在房间里走动交谈。
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common 使循环或流通📖 指让某人或某物沿着范围、路线或系统移动,也就是让它进入“循环的圈子”中。💡 常见结构是“circulate + 事物 + through/around + 范围”,也可以说“circulate + 文件、材料等”。这是及物用法,不能漏掉被传递的对象;若强调让人四处走动,宾语通常指人。transitiveThe fan circulates warm air around the room.风扇使暖空气在房间里循环。
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core 在人群中走动📖 指人在聚会等场合从一个人或一群人身边走到另一边,与不同的人交谈,像在人群中绕圈传递。💡 常见结构是“circulate among/between + 人群”。它通常描述社交场合中的主动走动,不只是普通的“走路”;不要把它误用成带宾语的“和某人交谈”,交谈对象要放在 among 或 between 后面。She circulated among the guests and introduced herself.她在客人中间走动,并逐一作了自我介绍。The manager circulated between the tables during lunch.午餐时,经理在各张桌子之间走动。
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core 传播;传阅📖 指把消息、文件、传闻或金钱等在许多人之间传递,使它们不断“绕圈”到达更多人手中。💡 常见结构是“circulate + 消息、文件等 + among/through + 人群或组织”。它强调主动让内容传给别人,常用于工作文件、通知、谣言等;不要把及物用法和表示消息自行传开的不及物用法混为一谈。Please circulate the meeting notes to everyone on the team.请把会议记录传给团队里的每个人。Someone circulated a false story about the company.有人传播了一则关于这家公司的假消息。
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common 广为人知📖 指消息、传闻或看法自己在人群中不断传开,最后被很多人知道;重点不在谁主动传播,而在它已经传得很广。💡 常见结构是“消息或传闻 + circulate”,也常与 widely、quickly 等副词连用。这里通常是不及物用法,主语是正在传播的内容;若明确说某人把它传给别人,应改用及物结构。News of the singer's retirement quickly circulated online.这位歌手退休的消息很快在网上传开了。
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rare 循环重复📖 在数学中指小数位按固定顺序不断重复,就像数字沿着同一个圈反复回来。💡 常见于“循环小数”或描述小数展开的数学语境,通常和表示数字、位数的词连用。这个用法很专门,日常谈话中不要用它代替一般的“重复”。
circulates
present,singular,third-person
circulating
participle,present
circulated
participle,past
circulated
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 6 组
cause to become widely known; ;
同义词集:
circulate
circularize
circularise
distribute
disseminate
propagate
broadcast
spread
diffuse
disperse
pass around
spread information
circulate a rumor
broadcast the news
上位: air, bare, publicise, publicize
下位: carry, generalise, generalize, podcast, popularise, popularize, run, sow, vulgarise, vulgarize
become widely known and passed on;
同义词集:
go around
spread
circulate
the rumor spread
the story went around in the office
上位: go, locomote, move, travel
move around freely from person to person or from place to place
同义词集:
circulate
She circulates among royalty
上位: go, locomote, move, travel
下位: drift
move through a space, circuit or system, returning to the starting point;
同义词集:
circulate
Blood circulates in my veins
The air here does not circulate
上位: course, feed, flow, run
cause to move in a circuit or system
同义词集:
circulate
The fan circulates the air in the room
上位: displace, move
cause to be distributed
同义词集:
circulate
pass around
pass on
distribute
This letter is being circulated among the faculty
上位: displace, move
下位: scatter, spread, spread out, utter
🌳 词源
源自晚期拉丁语,和表示“圆、环”的词同源,最初与“使成圆形、围住”有关。
Borrowed from Late Latin circulātus, perfect passive participle of Late Latin circulō (“to make circular, encircle”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), a later collateral form of circulor (“form a circle (of men) around oneself”), from circulus (“a circle”). See also Middle English circulat(e) (“(alchemy) changed by continuous distillation in a closed vessel”).
🔄 变式
circulated
past
circulates
present
circulating
present
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