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charge
★★★★★
🇺🇸 /tʃˈɑɹdʒ/
🇬🇧 /ˈt͡ʃɑːd͡ʒ/
charge既可作名词，表示服务费用、指控或某人的责任范围；也可作动词，表示收费、把责任交给某人，或正式指控某人。根据语境，它还可表示冲锋、负载和电荷等相关意义。
💡 记忆钩子
把charge记成“加上或交付一项负担”：服务加上费用，罪名加到某人身上，责任交给某人，设备装入负载；由此也引申出带电、冲锋等“力量被加上并向前作用”的意义。
📝 学习建议
- 看到费用语境时，名词charge通常是“费用”，动词charge通常是“收费”或“收取”。
- charge someone with a crime表示“正式指控某人犯罪”，不要只理解为“向某人收费”。
- 表示“责任范围”或“受托照管的人”时，charge与责任和照料有关；表示“冲锋”时则要结合动作或战斗语境判断。
📖 中文释义
noun
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core 服务费用📖 指为某项服务而加上的、需要支付的钱，可以理解为服务给你带来的费用负担。💡 常用“a charge for + 服务”表示某项服务的收费，也可说“a charge of + 金额”说明具体数额；“free of charge”表示免费。它既可指一笔具体费用，也可作不可数名词泛指收费；不要把它和账单总额或价格在所有语境中混为一谈。countable uncountableThere is no extra charge for delivery.配送不另收费。The hotel added a service charge to the bill.酒店在账单上加收了服务费。
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common 冲锋📖 指士兵或战士朝敌人快速冲去、试图近距离交战的攻击行动，是把力量集中后向前加上的动作。💡 常用“a charge against/at + 对手”或“lead a charge”表示向对方发起冲锋；也常出现在军事史和新闻报道中。这个名词通常指一项攻击行动，不要把它直接当作一般的“奔跑”。countable uncountableThe soldiers launched a charge across the open field.士兵们冲过开阔地发起了冲锋。
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common 有力前进📖 指人、队伍或运动员带着强大冲力向前推进，重点是前进的力量，而不一定是军事攻击。💡 常用“on a charge”表示正势头强劲地向前推进，也可说“a charge towards + 目标”；体育报道中很常见。这里通常强调动作的冲劲，不要自动理解成正式的军事冲锋。countable uncountableThe runner made a powerful charge towards the finish line.那名跑步运动员奋力冲向终点。
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core 指控📖 指正式加在某人身上的犯罪指控，也就是把某项罪名交由法律程序处理。💡 常用“a charge of + 罪名”表示一项指控，常见搭配还有“face charges”“be charged with + 罪名”；注意名词和动词的介词搭配不同。它通常用于法律或新闻语境，不等于日常争执中的普通责备。countable uncountableHe faces two charges of fraud.他面临两项欺诈指控。The charges were dropped for lack of evidence.由于证据不足，这些指控被撤销了。
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common 电荷📖 指物体所带的电性质或电量，是电学中描述带电状态的术语；可以把它联想到力量被加到物体上。💡 常用“electric charge”“positive/negative charge”以及“carry a charge”；技术文本中通常需要说明电荷的正负或数量。这里是物理术语，不是给设备充电的动作，也不要和电池的电量完全等同。countable uncountableThe particle has a positive electric charge.这个粒子带有正电荷。
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core 责任范围📖 指某人负责管理、照料或保护的范围，也就是一项被交付给他承担的责任。💡 最常见的模式是“in someone's charge”，表示由某人负责照料或管理；也可用“under someone's charge”。这个用法较正式，不能简单替换成“负责某事”的所有表达；涉及具体任务时通常用“in charge of + 名词”。countable uncountableThe children were left in the teacher's charge.孩子们被交给老师照管。She is in charge of the evening shift.她负责晚班。
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common 受托照料的人或物📖 指被交给某人照顾、教育或管理的人或物，例如保姆照看的孩子或老师负责的学生。💡 常用“someone's charge”表示某人受托照料的人或物，也可说“take a child into one's charge”；它是可数名词，前面通常需要限定词。不要和表示责任范围的“in someone's charge”混淆，前者指对象，后者指职责状态。countable uncountableThe teacher took her young charges to the museum.老师带着她负责的孩子们去了博物馆。
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common 负载或货物📖 指运输工具装载的货物，也可泛指需要承担的重量或负担；这和“加上一项负担”的记忆线索直接相关。💡 表示货物时常用“a charge of + 货物”，但现代英语更常用“cargo”或“load”；表示抽象负担时要结合上下文判断。这个用法不如“费用”或“指控”常见，正式或历史叙述中更容易见到。countable uncountableThe truck carried a heavy charge of supplies.卡车装载着一大批沉重的补给品。
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common 指示或嘱托📖 指交给某人的明确指示或任务，要求他按要求完成某件事。💡 较常见的模式是“give someone the charge to do something”，但现代英语通常更自然地说“give someone instructions”或“charge someone with a task”。它带有正式、书面色彩；不要把这里的charge理解成收费或指控。countable uncountableThe manager gave her the charge of preparing the report.经理把准备报告的任务交给了她。
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rare 抵押权📖 法律和房地产语境中，指附着在财产上的抵押或债权负担，限制财产的完全处分。countable uncountable
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common 带球撞人犯规📖 篮球等运动中，指持球队员撞上已经站稳位置的防守队员而被判犯规。💡 常用“an offensive charge”或“draw a charge”，后者表示防守队员主动站位制造对方撞人犯规。这个词义限于特定球类规则，不要和一般的冲锋或身体接触混为一谈。countable uncountableThe defender drew a charge in the final minute.防守队员在最后一分钟制造了一次带球撞人犯规。
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rare 弹药装药量📖 指装在弹药筒中的、经过计量的火药和或弹丸的数量。countable uncountable
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rare 炸药量📖 指经过计量、用于爆炸的炸药量。broadly countable uncountable
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rare 盾徽图案📖 纹章学中，指显示在盾牌图案上的一个图像或标志。countable uncountable
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rare 武器攻击姿态📖 指武器处于准备攻击的位置或姿态。countable uncountable
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rare 药膏📖 指一种用于涂抹的膏剂或药膏，尤其见于较专门的马术和兽医语境。countable uncountable
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rare 重量或价值📖 旧用法中指重量、重要性或价值。countable obsolete uncountable
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rare 铅的计量单位📖 历史用法中指约等于三十六块铅锭的计量单位。countable historical obsolete uncountable
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rare 教会训示📖 宗教语境中，指牧师在教会巡查结束的礼拜中发表的训示。countable uncountable
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rare 大麻📖 俚语中指大麻。slang uncountable
charges
plural
noun
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rare charge综合征📖 医学语境中，charge是“charge综合征”的简称，指该综合征这一特定疾病名称。abbreviation alt-of ellipsis uncountable
verb
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common 交给任务或责任📖 把一项任务、责任或命令交给某人，意思是让对方负责完成或遵守；这正是把一项负担交付出去的用法。💡 常用结构是“charge someone to do something”或“charge someone with a duty”，也可接表示任务的名词。这个义项偏正式，日常口语中常用“ask”或“tell”表达一般请求。不要把它和表示收费的“charge someone for something”混淆。The manager charged Maya with organizing the team meeting.经理把组织团队会议的任务交给了玛雅。
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common 把支出记到账户上📖 把某笔支出记在某个账户、部门或项目名下，相当于把这项费用加到指定的账上。💡 常用结构是“charge something to an account”或“charge something to a department”，其中to后面说明由谁或哪个账户承担。这个义项通常用于财务、办公或机构管理语境。不要用“charge someone for something”来表达内部记账，后者通常表示向某人收取费用。transitivePlease charge the hotel bill to the company account.请把酒店账单记到公司账户上。
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core 收费；收取费用📖 要求别人为商品、服务或某项行为支付一定金额，也就是给所提供的东西加上一笔费用。💡 常用结构是“charge someone for something”“charge someone an amount”或“charge an amount for something”。说明价格时也可说“charge high/low prices”，但正式写作中最好明确收费对象或项目。不要把“charge”误解成“花费”：通常是商家或服务提供者charge顾客，而不是顾客charge这笔钱。ambitransitiveThe clinic charges patients thirty dollars for a consultation.这家诊所向病人收取三十美元的咨询费。They do not charge for delivery within the city.他们在市内配送不收取费用。
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common 用赊账或信用卡支付📖 购买东西时不立即用现金支付，而是把金额记到信用卡或信用账户上；这里是把费用交由账户承担。💡 常用结构是“charge something to a credit card/account”，在美国英语中尤其常见。它通常表示使用信用卡或赊账付款，不等于商家向你收费。说明已经付款时，仍可根据语境使用过去式“charged”。US transitiveCan I charge these shoes to my credit card?我可以用信用卡买下这双鞋吗？
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rare 按某价格出售📖 表示以某个指定价格出售商品，是较旧的商业用法。💡 常见结构是“charge something at a price”，但现代英语里更自然的说法通常是“sell something for a price”或“charge someone a price for something”。这个义项带有过时色彩，普通会话中不宜主动使用。dated transitive
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common 正式指控犯罪📖 由警方或检察机关正式认定某人涉嫌某项犯罪，并把这个罪名加到其法律记录或案件上。💡 固定结构是“charge someone with a crime”，其中with后面接具体罪名或犯罪行为。这个义项属于法律和执法语境，表示正式指控，不等于已经证明对方有罪。不要说“charge someone of a crime”；这里通常用with。transitiveThe police charged him with stealing confidential documents.警方正式指控他窃取机密文件。She was charged with driving under the influence.她被正式指控酒后驾驶。
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rare 抵押房地产📖 在法律语境中，把房产作为债务或贷款的担保进行抵押。💡 通常用于法律或房地产文件，宾语是房产，常与表示债务、贷款或担保的词语连用。现代日常英语中更常用“mortgage a property”。不要把这里的“charge”理解成普通收费。transitive
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rare 归咎于；归因于📖 把某种责任、过错或结果归到某人或某件事上，也就是认为它应由对方承担。💡 常见结构是“charge something to someone/something”，但这个义项较正式或书面。日常表达归咎时通常使用“blame something on someone”或“attribute something to something”。它和法律上的正式指控不同，未必涉及刑事案件。
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rare 要求说明；质问📖 要求某人对自己的行为作出解释或回答，也可表示带有挑战意味地要求对方应答。💡 这个义项多见于旧式、正式或文学语言，常与“call someone to account”相近。现代日常英语中通常说“demand an explanation”或“challenge someone”。不要把它和“charge someone with a crime”混为一谈，后者是法律上的正式指控。
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common 使承担责任或负担📖 把责任、任务、负担或大量内容加到某人或某物身上，使其承担或容纳这些东西。💡 常见结构是“charge someone with a responsibility/duty”或“charge something with a burden”，也可用被动结构表示某人被赋予责任。这个义项比普通的“give someone a task”更正式，常用于责任分配或书面表达。接人时通常用with，不要误用表示收费的for。transitiveThe director charged Lina with leading the safety review.主任把领导安全审查的责任交给了莉娜。
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common 给设备装入所需物料📖 把设备使用所需的材料、弹药、液体或原料装进去；也就是给设备加上运行所需的负载。💡 常见结构是“charge something with something”，例如给武器装弹药、给反应器装入原料。这个义项通常是及物用法，宾语是被装载的设备，with后面说明装入的东西。不要和给电池充电的义项混淆，后者通常直接说“charge the battery”。transitiveThe crew charged the fire hose with water before the drill.演练前，工作人员把水装入消防水带。
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common 充电；装入负载📖 表示设备正在被装入运行所需的东西，最常见的是电池正在获得电量；这里体现的是把力量或负载加进去。💡 表示电池或设备获得电量时，常用“charge the battery/device”和“the battery is charging”。及物用法强调给什么充电，不及物用法强调设备本身正在充电。不要把“be charged”自动理解为“被收费”，要根据主语和上下文判断。intransitive transitiveMy phone is charging, so I will call you later.我的手机正在充电，所以我晚点再给你打电话。
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common 猛烈向前冲📖 以很快、很强的力量向前移动，尤其是在战斗、比赛或骑马场景中冲向目标。💡 这是不及物用法，常见结构是“charge toward/at/into something”，介词说明冲向哪里。它比普通的“run”更有力量和攻击性，也常带有勇猛或突然行动的意味。现代非军事语境中也可用于队伍或人群突然向前冲。intransitiveThe players charged toward the ball as soon as the whistle blew.哨声一响，球员们就向球冲了过去。
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common 冲向并攻击📖 带着强烈的冲击力冲向某个目标，通常暗含攻击或突破；与不及物用法相比，这里明确指出被冲击的对象。💡 常见结构是“charge the enemy/defenses”或“charge into something”，及物时直接接目标，不及物时用toward、at或into等介词。这个义项常见于军事、体育和动作描写，也可用于比喻性的强势推进。不要把它和表示收费的同形动词仅凭形式混淆。intransitive transitiveThe defenders charged the attackers before they reached the gate.防守者在攻击者到达大门前冲向了他们。
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rare 命令猎犬卧倒📖 猎人对狗下达的专门口令，要求猎犬趴在腹部保持不动。💡 这是狩猎语境中的专门命令，现代普通会话中几乎不用。它通常直接对狗说，不能按一般“冲锋”或“收费”的意义理解。transitive
charges
present,singular,third-person
charging
participle,present
charged
participle,past
charged
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 40 组
saturate
同义词集:
charge
The room was charged with tension and anxiety
energize a battery by passing a current through it in the direction opposite to discharge
同义词集:
charge
I need to charge my car battery
上位: furnish, provide, render, supply
下位: recharge
cause formation of a net electrical charge in or on
同义词集:
charge
charge a conductor
上位: alter, change, modify
set or ask for a certain price;
同义词集:
charge
How much do you charge for lunch?
This fellow charges $100 for a massage
上位: determine, set
attribute responsibility to;
同义词集:
blame
charge
We blamed the accident on her
The tragedy was charged to her inexperience
上位: ascribe, assign, attribute, impute
a special assignment that is given to a person or group;
同义词集:
mission
charge
commission
a confidential mission to London
his charge was deliver a message
上位: assignment, duty assignment
instruct or command with authority
同义词集:
charge
The teacher charged the children to memorize the poem
上位: instruct
instruct (a jury) about the law, its application, and the weighing of evidence
同义词集:
charge
上位: instruct
impose a task upon, assign a responsibility to
同义词集:
charge
saddle
burden
He charged her with cleaning up all the files over the weekend
上位: command, require
下位: deluge, flood out, overwhelm
attention and management implying responsibility for safety
同义词集:
care
charge
tutelage
guardianship
he is in the care of a bodyguard
上位: protection
下位: providence
blame for, make a claim of wrongdoing or misbehavior against
同义词集:
charge
accuse
he charged the director with indifference
下位: accuse, asperse, besmirch, blame, calumniate, criminate, defame, denigrate, fault, impeach, incriminate, indict, slander, smear, smirch, sully
make an accusatory claim
同义词集:
charge
The defense attorney charged that the jurors were biased
上位: claim
下位: complain, tax
file a formal charge against
同义词集:
charge
lodge
file
The suspect was charged with murdering his wife
上位: accuse, criminate, impeach, incriminate
下位: impeach
an impetuous rush toward someone or something;
同义词集:
charge
the wrestler's charge carried him past his adversary
the battle began with a cavalry charge
上位: attack, onrush, onset, onslaught
to make a rush at or sudden attack upon, as in battle
同义词集:
charge
bear down
he saw Jess charging at him with a pitchfork
上位: rush
direct into a position for use;
同义词集:
charge
level
point
point a gun
He charged his weapon at me
上位: aim, direct, take, take aim, train
fill or load to capacity
同义词集:
charge
charge the wagon with hay
反义: discharge
上位: alter, change, modify
下位: burden, burthen, freight, weight, weight down
provide (a device) with something necessary;
同义词集:
load
charge
He loaded his gun carefully
load the camera
上位: fill, fill up, make full
下位: recharge, reload
place a heraldic bearing on
同义词集:
charge
charge all weapons, shields, and banners
上位: paint
cause to be agitated, excited, or roused
同义词集:
agitate
rouse
turn on
charge
commove
excite
charge up
The speaker charged up the crowd with his inflammatory remarks
反义: calm, calm down, lull, quiet, quieten, still, tranquilize, tranquillise, tranquillize
上位: disturb, trouble, upset
下位: bother
lie down on command, of hunting dogs
同义词集:
charge
上位: lie, lie down
move quickly and violently;
同义词集:
tear
shoot
shoot down
charge
buck
The car tore down the street
He came charging into my office
上位: belt along, bucket along, cannonball along, hasten, hie, hotfoot, pelt along, race, rush, rush along, speed, step on it
下位: rip
pay with a credit card; pay with plastic money; postpone payment by recording a purchase as a debt
同义词集:
charge
Will you pay cash or charge the purchase?
上位: pay
demand payment;
同义词集:
charge
bill
Will I get charged for this service?
We were billed for 4 nights in the hotel, although we stayed only 3 nights
上位: account, calculate
下位: assess, impose, invoice, levy, surcharge, tithe
enter a certain amount as a charge
同义词集:
charge
he charged me $15
上位: debit
give over to another for care or safekeeping
同义词集:
consign
charge
consign your baggage
上位: commit, confide, entrust, intrust, trust
下位: check, hock, pawn, pledge, soak
cause to be admitted; of persons to an institution;
同义词集:
commit
institutionalize
institutionalise
send
charge
After the second episode, she had to be committed
he was committed to prison
上位: transfer
assign a duty, responsibility or obligation to;
同义词集:
appoint
charge
He was appointed deputy manager
She was charged with supervising the creation of a concordance
下位: assign, authorise, authorize, create, delegate, depute, designate, empower, make, name, nominate
a quantity of explosive to be set off at one time
同义词集:
charge
burster
bursting charge
explosive charge
this cartridge has a powder charge of 50 grains
上位: explosive
下位: shot
heraldry consisting of a design or image depicted on a shield
同义词集:
charge
bearing
heraldic bearing
armorial bearing
下位: chevron, ordinary
(criminal law) a pleading describing some wrong or offense
同义词集:
charge
complaint
he was arrested on a charge of larceny
上位: pleading
下位: accusal, accusation
an assertion that someone is guilty of a fault or offence
同义词集:
accusation
charge
the newspaper published charges that Jones was guilty of drunken driving
上位: assertion, asseveration, averment
a formal statement of a command or injunction to do something
同义词集:
commission
charge
direction
the judge's charge to the jury
上位: bid, bidding, command, dictation
request for payment of a debt
同义词集:
charge
billing
they submitted their charges at the end of each month
上位: asking, request
the swift release of a store of affective force; ; ;
同义词集:
bang
boot
charge
rush
flush
thrill
kick
they got a great bang out of it
what a boot!
he got a quick rush from injecting heroin
he does it for kicks
上位: excitement, exhilaration
(psychoanalysis) the libidinal energy invested in some idea or person or object
同义词集:
cathexis
charge
Freud thought of cathexis as a psychic analog of an electrical charge
a person committed to your care
同义词集:
charge
the teacher led her charges across the street
上位: dependant, dependent
the quantity of unbalanced electricity in a body (either positive or negative) and construed as an excess or deficiency of electrons
同义词集:
charge
electric charge
the battery needed a fresh charge
the price charged for some article or service
同义词集:
charge
the admission charge
上位: cost
下位: agio, agiotage, charge per unit, exchange premium, fare, postage, premium, rate, surcharge, transportation, water-rate
financial liabilities (such as a tax)
同义词集:
charge
the charges against the estate
上位: liabilities
下位: assessment, levy
🌳 词源
名词和动词的主要词源都可追溯到中古英语和古法语，最早与“装载、负载”有关，并与表示“货物”的词同源。
Proto-Indo-European *ḱers-
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥sós
Proto-Celtic *karros
Gaulish *karrosbor.
Latin carrus
Latin -ic-
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.
Proto-Italic *-ājō
Proto-Italic *-āō
Latin -ō
Latin -ico
Latin carricō
Late Latin carricāre
Old French chargierder.
Middle English chargen
English charge
From Middle English chargen, from Old French chargier, from Late Latin carricō (“to load”), from Latin carrus (“a car, wagon”); see car. Doublet of cargo.
🔄 变式
charged
past
charges
plural
charging
present
🏷 单词标签 & 词根