chagrin

chagrin 主要指因失败、受挫或未被欣赏而产生的懊恼，也可作动词表示使人懊恼；另有“粗糙皮革”的少见名词义。

💡 记忆钩子

把 chagrin 想成心里被粗糙表面磨了一下：计划落空或受到冷落时，人会感到懊恼（名词），某件事也能让人懊恼（动词）；“粗糙皮革”是这一“粗糙”意象留下的另一个名词义。

📝 学习建议

先掌握名词义和动词义；现代英语中形容词义和“粗糙皮革”义很少见。
不要把 chagrin 当作普通的“悲伤”；它通常强调因失败、受挫、出丑或不受重视而产生的懊恼、难堪。

📖 中文释义

adj

rare 感到懊恼的

📖 指人因为受辱、受挫或烦恼而处于懊恼状态，是早期英语中的形容词用法。

💡 通常见于旧式文本中的“be chagrin”一类结构，而不是现代英语的常用表达。现代学习者应改用表示“感到懊恼”的名词或动词表达。

obsolete

more chagrin comparative most chagrin superlative

noun

core 受挫后的懊恼

📖 指目标没有实现、出了差错或没有得到应有认可时产生的懊恼和难堪。它把注意力放在“事情不如意带来的心里不舒服”上，而不只是一般的悲伤。

💡 常用模式是“to someone’s chagrin”或“much to someone’s chagrin”，后面说明谁感到懊恼；也可说“feel chagrin”。它通常是不可数名词，但在较少见的语境中也可以把一次具体的懊恼当作可数事件来谈。

countable uncountable

Much to her chagrin, the mistake was discovered before the presentation.

令她十分懊恼的是，演示开始前就有人发现了那个错误。

To my chagrin, I had forgotten the meeting time.

让我懊恼的是，我忘了会议时间。
rare 粗糙皮革

📖 指表面经过处理、带有粗糙纹理的一种皮革；这是与“心里被磨得不舒服”不同的实物义。

💡 这个义项主要出现在皮革、工艺品或历史文本中，通常需要由上下文判断。日常英语里看到 chagrin 时，默认先考虑“懊恼”这一情绪义。

countable uncountable

chagrins plural

verb

common 使懊恼、使难堪

📖 指某件事让人因失败、出错、受挫或没有得到认可而感到懊恼。可以把它看成名词义的动态版本：某事把“粗糙的摩擦感”带到了某人的心里。

💡 常用模式是“something chagrins someone”，也常见被动结构“someone is chagrined by/at something”。现代英语中过去分词 chagrined 尤其常见；宾语通常是人，不要把它误当作只表示一般打扰的动词。

transitive

It chagrined him to see his careful work ignored.

看到自己精心完成的工作被忽视，他感到很懊恼。
rare 感到懊恼

📖 指自己感到烦恼或受挫，是 chagrin 的过时反身用法；现代英语通常用 be chagrined 或 feel chagrin。

💡 旧文本中可能出现“chagrine oneself”之类的反身结构，但现代英语里几乎不用。阅读时可把它理解为“使自己懊恼”或“为某事感到懊恼”，不要主动模仿。

obsolete rare reflexive

chagrins present,singular,third-person chagrining participle,present chagrinning participle,present chagrined participle,past chagrined past chagrinned participle,past chagrinned past

📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 2 组

cause to feel shame; hurt the pride of

同义词集: humiliate mortify chagrin humble abase

He humiliated his colleague by criticising him in front of the boss

上位: bruise, hurt, injure, offend, spite, wound 下位: crush, degrade, demean, disgrace, put down, smash, take down

strong feelings of embarrassment

同义词集: chagrin humiliation mortification

上位: embarrassment

🌳 词源

来自法语 chagrin，原指悲伤、痛苦；“粗糙皮革”义的来源另有争议，可能与粗糙表面有关。

From French chagrin (“sorrow”), from Middle French chagrin (“pain, affliction”) (compare Middle French chagriner, chagrigner (“to experience sorrow”), Old French chagrin (“painful, afflicted”)), probably derived from Old Northern French chagreiner, chagraigner (“to sadden”), of uncertain origin. Likely an enlargement of Old French greignier, graignier (“to cringe, growl, be sullen, be angry, grieve over”), from Old French graigne (“sadness, resentment, grief”), from graim (“sorrowful”), related to Old High German gram (“furious, gloomy, grieved”). The initial syllable is obscure. It may represent Old French chat (“cat”) to express the idea of "lamenting or yowling like cats" (compare German Katzenjammer (“distress, frustration, depression, chagrin”, literally “cat-wailing, cat-misery”), katzbalgen (“to cat-fight”)). An alternative theory is that it came from a metaphorical use of French chagrin, (peau de) chagrain (“a type of roughened leather”), with the connection of roughness, though some dictionaries consider this to be a separate word derived from Old French peau de sagrin, from Ottoman Turkish صاغری (sağrı, “the rump of an animal, skin for tawing”). The alteration of initial s to ch is likely due to influence from chagrin meaning "sorrow".

🔄 变式

chagrined past chagrining present chagrinned past chagrinning present chagrins plural more chagrin compar most chagrin superl

🏷 单词标签 & 词根