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canvass
★
🇺🇸 /kˈænvʌs/
🇬🇧 /ˈkænvəs/
canvass 主要表示“挨家挨户或逐一走访,征求、调查或争取某种东西”,尤其常用于拉票;也可指选举后对选票进行审核统计,或作动词表示彻底调查。
💡 记忆钩子
把 canvass 想成拿着名单逐户走访:一边询问意见、收集信息或募捐,一边争取选民的支持;选举结束后,又把收回来的选票逐张检查、统计。因此它的核心线索是“逐一走访并认真核查”,从“拉票”扩展到“调查”和“选票审查”。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握动词“调查、征求”和“竞选拉票”,再学习名词用法;名词通常指一次有组织的走访或活动。
- 不要把 canvass 和 canvas(帆布)混为一谈;canvass 多与询问、拉票、审查有关。
📖 中文释义
noun
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core 走访征求📖 指逐一向人们征求捐款、信息、意见或支持的一次活动,重点是主动接触并收集回应。💡 常用“a canvass for donations/information/support”表示“为募捐、收集信息或争取支持而走访”。它是可数名词,通常指一次具体的活动或行动。不要误解为单纯的问卷本身;它更强调实际接触和征求过程。countableThe charity organized a canvass for donations before winter.这家慈善机构在冬季到来前组织了一次募捐走访。
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core 选举拉票📖 特指在选举或投票前,通过走访、演讲等方式争取选民支持的活动。💡 常见搭配是“an election canvass”或“a canvass for votes”。它强调候选人或支持者主动接触选民,不是选举结果公布后的计票。政治语境中可译为“拉票活动”或“竞选造势”,具体译法要看活动形式。countable specificallyThe candidate's canvass continued until the final week of the campaign.这名候选人的拉票活动一直持续到竞选最后一周。Volunteers joined the canvass for votes in the suburbs.志愿者参加了郊区的拉票活动。
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common 选票审核统计📖 在美国政治语境中,指选举后对选票进行检查、统计、审计并正式确认结果的过程。💡 常见搭配是“the official canvass of the votes”或“complete the canvass”。这是美国选举行政用语,通常发生在投票结束之后。不要把它和选前的拉票活动混为一谈。US countableThe county completed its official canvass of the votes on Friday.该县周五完成了对选票的正式审核统计。
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rare 彻底讨论或调查📖 过时用法,指对某个问题进行深入讨论或调查,可看作“逐一审视”的旧义延伸。💡 这是过时且少见的名词义,现代英语中不要用它来表示普通讨论。遇到历史文本时,可根据上下文译为“详尽讨论”或“深入调查”。countable obsolete
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rare 拒绝或落选📖 过时用法,指在选举、诉讼等事情中遭到拒绝或被驳回。💡 这是历史用法,现代日常英语中几乎不会这样使用。不要把它当作现代名词“拉票”的反义词;现代英语通常直接用表示拒绝、落选或驳回的词。obsolete uncountable
canvasses
plural
noun
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rare canvas 的旧拼写📖 指 canvas(帆布)的过时拼写,意义与现代 canvas 相同。💡 只在历史文本或旧拼写中出现。现代写作不要用 canvass 表示帆布,否则容易与“拉票、调查”的词混淆。alt-of countable obsolete uncountable
canvasses
plural
verb
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core 彻底调查📖 指通过逐项检查、询问或讨论,对某事进行深入调查和审视;核心仍是“不放过细节地逐一查看”。💡 常见结构是“canvass an issue”或“canvass the evidence”,也可说“canvass opinions”。它比普通的“问一问”更正式,强调广泛而仔细地调查。不要把它只用于政治场合;在调查和讨论语境中也能使用。figuratively transitiveThe researchers canvassed local opinions before changing the policy.研究人员在修改政策前广泛调查了当地人的意见。The committee canvassed every possible explanation for the failure.委员会彻底审查了这次失败的各种可能解释。
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common 审核选票或质疑结果📖 指对选票或投票结果进行仔细审查,剔除不合规选票,也可指对选举结果提出异议。💡 常见结构是“canvass the votes/ballots”或“canvass an election result”。在美国政治报道中,这通常是投票结束后的正式审核,不是选前拉票。部分地区或历史语境中此义较少见,使用时应以选举行政语境为准。Philippines broadly figuratively transitiveOfficials will canvass the ballots before certifying the result.官员将在正式确认结果前审核这些选票。
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core 走访征求📖 指向人们或某个地区逐一询问,以收集信息、意见、捐款或支持。💡 常见结构是“canvass people/a neighbourhood for information”或“canvass opinions”。它通常表示有计划地走访一群人,而不是随口向一个人提问。表示调查失踪案件等情况时,常与地区和信息搭配。figuratively transitivePolice canvassed the neighbourhood for witnesses.警方走访了整个社区,寻找目击者。Volunteers canvassed residents for donations.志愿者挨家挨户向居民募捐。
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core 竞选拉票📖 指候选人或其团队在选举前走访选民、发表讲话,以争取选票和支持。💡 常见结构是“canvass voters/the district for votes”或“canvass for a candidate”。这是政治语境中的常用义,时间通常在投票前。不要把“canvass voters”理解为统计选票;它表示接触选民并争取支持。figuratively specifically transitiveThe candidate spent Saturday canvassing voters in the district.这名候选人周六在选区走访选民拉票。Party members canvassed for votes outside the train station.党员在火车站外为候选人拉票。
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rare 把人裹在帆布中抛掷📖 过时用法,指把人裹在帆布里抛来抛去,作为玩笑或惩罚。💡 这是历史用法,现代英语中不要用来表示普通的推搡或搬运。只在旧文学或历史材料中根据上下文理解。obsolete transitive
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rare 痛打或猛击📖 过时用法,指猛烈击打某人或某物,可看作“用力反复冲击”的旧义。💡 这是过时义,现代英语中通常不用 canvass 表示殴打。阅读旧文本时,可根据对象译为“痛打”“猛击”或“猛烈轰击”。broadly obsolete transitive
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rare 攻击📖 过时用法,指对人或物发动攻击,源自反复冲击、施压的旧义。💡 现代英语中不要用它表示一般的攻击;优先使用现代常见的攻击类动词。该义主要用于理解历史文本。broadly obsolete transitive
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rare 严厉批评📖 过时用法,指对某人或某篇作品进行严厉批评或挑剔。💡 这是历史义,不是现代英语中表示批评的常规选择。遇到旧文献时,可按语气译为“严厉批评”或“猛烈抨击”。broadly obsolete transitive
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common 讨论📖 指对某件事反复讨论、交换看法,是“仔细审视”义在不及物用法中的延伸。💡 常见结构是“canvass over/about + 事情”,但这种不及物用法现在较少见,带有旧式或文学色彩。现代日常表达“讨论”通常不用它。不要把它与现代常见的拉票义混淆。intransitiveThey spent the evening canvassing over the problem.他们整个晚上都在反复讨论这个问题。
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common 进行走访调查📖 指进行走访,以征求捐款、信息、意见或支持,也可指开展调查。💡 常见结构是“go canvassing”或“canvass for information/donations”。这种不及物用法强调正在进行走访活动,具体目标通常由介词短语补充。若明确说明调查对象或地点,改用及物结构会更清楚。intransitiveThe volunteers went canvassing for donations after the storm.暴风雨过后,志愿者出去走访募捐。
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common 竞选拉票📖 指在选举前进行竞选活动,主动争取选民或某个选区的支持。💡 常见结构是“canvass for votes”或“canvass in a constituency”。它是不及物的政治用法,通常表示候选人或支持者正在拉票。若后面直接接选民或选区作对象,应使用及物义的结构。intransitive specificallyThe candidate has been canvassing for votes across the northern counties.这名候选人一直在北部各郡拉票。
canvasses
present,singular,third-person
canvassing
participle,present
canvassed
participle,past
canvassed
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 10 组
consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning; ;
同义词集:
analyze
analyse
study
examine
canvass
analyze a sonnet by Shakespeare
analyze the evidence in a criminal trial
analyze your real motives
下位: appraise, assay, audit, check, check into, check out, check over, check up on, compare, consider, diagnose, follow, go over, inspect, investigate, look at, look into, name, reexamine, review, screen, scrutinise, scrutinize, sieve, sift, survey, suss out, trace, view
get the opinions (of people) by asking specific questions
同义词集:
poll
canvass
上位: survey
solicit votes from potential voters in an electoral campaign
同义词集:
canvass
上位: beg, solicit, tap
a heavy, closely woven fabric (used for clothing or chairs or sails or tents)
同义词集:
canvas
canvass
上位: cloth, fabric, material, textile
下位: tarp, tarpaulin
the mat that forms the floor of the ring in which boxers or professional wrestlers compete
同义词集:
canvas
canvass
the boxer picked himself up off the canvas
上位: gym mat, mat
an oil painting on canvas fabric
同义词集:
canvas
canvass
a tent made of canvas fabric
同义词集:
canvas tent
canvas
canvass
上位: collapsible shelter, tent
下位: big top, circus tent, round top, top
a large piece of fabric (usually canvas fabric) by means of which wind is used to propel a sailing vessel
同义词集:
sail
canvas
canvass
sheet
下位: royal, save-all
an inquiry into public opinion conducted by interviewing a random sample of people
同义词集:
poll
opinion poll
public opinion poll
canvass
上位: enquiry, inquiry, research
the setting for a narrative or fictional or dramatic account;
同义词集:
canvas
canvass
the crowded canvas of history
the movie demanded a dramatic canvas of sound
上位: background, scope, setting
🌳 词源
动词据说源自 canvas(帆布),可能与把人裹在帆布中抛掷、殴打有关;现代“拉票、调查”义的联系并不完全确定。名词主要由动词派生。
The verb is derived from canvas (“type of coarse cloth woven from hemp”). The connection between “to toss (someone) in a (canvas) sheet; (by extension) to batter, beat, or thrash (someone or something); etc.” and “to seek the support of voters or a constituency in a forthcoming election or poll” is not entirely clear.
The noun is derived from the verb. It has been suggested that noun sense 4.2 (“rejection (at an election, of a suit, etc.)”) may refer to the canvas bag used by journeymen mechanics which they used to pack up their tools after they had completed their jobs, in which case it is not derived from the verb but directly from canvas (noun).
🔄 变式
canvassed
past
canvasses
plural
canvassing
present
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