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calm
★★★
🇺🇸 /kˈɑm/
🇬🇧 /kɑːm/
calm 主要表示“平静、没有扰动”,既可以描述人的情绪,也可以描述环境、海面或天气;还可作名词表示平静状态,作动词表示使平静或变得平静。
💡 记忆钩子
把 calm 想成一面原本会起波的水:人的怒气和焦虑像内心的波浪,平息后是 calm;声音、海面和风浪也都能像水面一样安静下来。因此它从“内心平静”扩展到“环境安静、海面无波、天气无风”,再作动词表示“让波浪停下”或“波浪自己停下”。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“情绪平静”和“使某人平静”这条主线,再扩展到安静的环境、无风的天气和无波的海面。
- 不要只把 calm 理解成“冷静”;它也可以描述客观环境或海面,而且不一定暗示此前发生过冲突。
📖 中文释义
adj
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core 情绪平静的📖 指人没有明显的愤怒、焦虑或恐惧,心情稳定,能够不慌张地应对事情。这是 calm 最重要的用法。💡 常用“stay/remain calm”表示“保持镇定”,也可说“calm down”表示情绪平复。作表语时通常放在系动词后,作定语时放在名词前。不要把它误解成没有感情或冷漠。She stayed calm when everyone else began to panic.其他人开始慌张时,她仍然保持镇定。A calm voice helped the child feel safe.平静的声音让孩子感到安心。
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common 安静而没有扰动的📖 指一个地方、场面或一段时间没有噪声和骚动,整体显得安宁。这里的 calm 不一定和人的情绪有关。💡 常用“a calm place/time/evening”这类“calm + 名词”结构,也可用“be calm”作表语。它比单纯描述音量低的词范围更宽,还可以包含没有骚动或干扰。不要只在描述人的时候使用它。The town was calm after the festival ended.节庆结束后,小镇恢复了安宁。
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common 海面平静的📖 指水面几乎没有波纹或起伏,看起来平滑安稳。它把“没有波浪的平静”这个核心形象直接用于海、湖等水面。💡 常见结构是“calm water/sea/lake”或“the water is calm”。它描述的是水面的状态,不是水温或水质。谈水面时不要误用只表示天气无风的含义。The lake was calm enough for us to see the mountains in it.湖面十分平静,我们能从水中看见山的倒影。
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common 无风无暴风雨的📖 指天气或空气中没有风,也没有正在发生的风暴。它表示外部气象条件平稳。💡 常用“a calm day/night”或“calm weather”,也可以说“the wind is calm”来描述风势平息。这个意思通常修饰天气或时段,不是说某个人镇定。若重点是完全没有风,语境往往会比人的情绪含义更明显。It was a calm morning, with barely any wind.那是一个无风的早晨,几乎感觉不到风。
calmer
comparative
more calm
comparative
calmest
superlative
most calm
superlative
noun
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core 平静状态📖 指没有担忧、愤怒、恐惧等强烈负面情绪的状态,也可以泛指内心或周围恢复安稳。它是形容词核心形象“没有波浪”变成的名词。💡 常见结构是“a sense of calm”“with calm”或“restore calm”,其中“a sense of calm”强调一种平静感。不可数用法表示抽象状态,可数用法则指一次具体的平静阶段。不要直接用名词替代表示“平静的”这一形容词位置。countable uncountableAfter the meeting, a sense of calm returned to the office.会议结束后,办公室重新恢复了平静。His calm helped everyone think clearly.他的镇定帮助大家清楚地思考。
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common 安静与无扰动📖 指一个地方或场面没有噪声和骚动的状态,重点在外部环境的安宁,而不一定是人的内心。💡 常见结构是“a period of calm”“return to calm”或“restore calm”。它可以指短暂或较长的一段安宁,具体时间由上下文决定。不要把它自动理解成天气平静,除非上下文涉及风或海面。countable uncountableThe streets fell into calm after the parade moved on.游行队伍离开后,街道恢复了安静。
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common 无风期📖 指没有风的一段时间,或海面、天气暂时平静的状态。这是把“没有波浪”的形象具体用于气象现象。💡 常见结构是“a calm”“a period of calm”或“during the calm”,在航海和天气语境中尤其自然。这个名词义需要由上下文判断,单独出现时可能也只是一般的平静。不要把它和表示完整天气状况的词混为一谈。countable uncountableThe sailors used the calm to repair the damaged sail.水手们利用无风期修理受损的帆。
calms
plural
noun
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rare 咖啡牛奶色斑缩写📖 这是一个医学缩写,指咖啡加牛奶色的皮肤斑;它与“平静”的普通词义没有关系。💡 通常放在医学名词或病例描述中,具体含义依赖专业上下文。它不是日常英语中的普通名词,也不适合用来描述人的情绪或环境。abbreviation alt-of initialism
CALMs
plural
verb
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core 使平静📖 指通过言语、行动或安抚让人、动物或局面减少激动和混乱,回到比较稳定的状态。它就是“让水面停止起波”的动作。💡 常用“calm + 宾语”或“calm someone down”,宾语可以是人、动物,也可以是局面。表示逐渐平复时,常在动词后加“down”。不要在已有宾语时再随意添加不必要的介词。transitiveThe nurse spoke softly to calm the frightened patient.护士轻声说话,让受惊的病人平静下来。This music usually calms me down.这音乐通常能让我平静下来。
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core 变得平静📖 指人、动物、局面或环境自己从激动、混乱或不安中恢复平静,不强调有人主动使它平静。💡 常用“calm down”表示逐渐平复,也可用“calm after...”说明在某件事之后恢复平静。这个用法通常不带直接宾语;若要说明是谁被安抚,应改用及物结构。不要把“calm down”只理解成命令别人冷静,它也可描述状态变化。intransitiveGive him a few minutes; he will calm down.给他几分钟,他会平静下来的。The crowd calmed after the announcement.宣布消息后,人群平静了下来。
calms
present,singular,third-person
calming
participle,present
calmed
participle,past
calmed
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 8 组
cause to be calm or quiet as by administering a sedative to
同义词集:
sedate
calm
tranquilize
tranquillize
tranquillise
The patient must be sedated before the operation
反义: arouse, brace, energise, energize, perk up, stimulate
上位: affect
(of weather) free from storm or wind
同义词集:
calm
calm seas
反义: stormy
近似: placid, quiet, settled, smooth, still, tranquil, unruffled
参见: peaceable, peaceful
make steady
同义词集:
steady
calm
becalm
steady yourself
上位: stabilise, stabilize
not agitated; without losing self-possession; ; ; ; ;
同义词集:
calm
unagitated
serene
tranquil
spoke in a calm voice
remained calm throughout the uproar
he remained serene in the midst of turbulence
a serene expression on her face
she became more tranquil
tranquil life in the country
近似: composed
become quiet or calm, especially after a state of agitation;
同义词集:
calm
calm down
cool off
chill out
simmer down
settle down
cool it
After the fight both men need to cool off.
It took a while after the baby was born for things to settle down again.
上位: change state, turn
make calm or still
同义词集:
calm
calm down
quiet
tranquilize
tranquillize
tranquillise
quieten
lull
still
quiet the dragons of worry and fear
反义: agitate, charge, charge up, commove, excite, rouse, turn on
上位: comfort, console, solace, soothe
下位: appease, assuage, assure, compose, conciliate, gentle, gruntle, lenify, lull, mollify, pacify, placate, reassure
steadiness of mind under stress
同义词集:
composure
calm
calmness
equanimity
he accepted their problems with composure and she with equanimity
上位: disposition, temperament
下位: aplomb, assuredness, cool, placidity, poise, quiet, repose, sang-froid, serenity, tranquility, tranquillity
wind moving at less than 1 knot; 0 on the Beaufort scale
同义词集:
calm air
calm
上位: air current, current of air, wind
🌳 词源
来自中古英语,经过古法语,词源可能与表示“正午阳光的热”的词有关,但具体来源不确定;它取代了古英语中表示安静、平和的本族词。
From Middle English calm, calme, from Middle French calme, probably from Old Italian calma, of uncertain origin. Calma may derive from Late Latin cauma (“heat of the midday sun”), from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma, “heat, especially of the sun”), from καίω (kaíō, “to burn”), or possibly from Latin caleō. Compare also Lombardic *chalm, *chalma (“frozenness”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *kalmaz (“frozenness, cold”).
Displaced native Middle English smilte (“quiet, still, gentle”) from Old English smylte (“quiet, tranquil, calm, serene”).
🔄 变式
calmed
past
calmer
compar
calmest
superl
calming
present
CALMs
plural
more calm
compar
most calm
superl
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