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calculate
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🇺🇸 /kˈælkjʌlˌeɪt/
calculate 的核心意思是“计算、算出”,也可引申为根据已有信息推测、筹划或预先想好行动后果。
💡 记忆钩子
把小石子一颗颗数清楚,就是 calculate 的原始画面:先用数学算出结果,再把这种“在脑中权衡并得出结论”的方法扩展到预测、筹划,甚至在棋盘上预想几步变化。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“计算、算出”这一核心义,再学习“推测、筹划”等引申义;不要把它只理解成做算术。
- 它不等于单纯的“想”或“认为”;表示推测时,通常带有根据信息分析、权衡后得出的意味。
📖 中文释义
verb
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core 计算出;算出📖 通过数学运算确定某个数值、答案或问题的解决办法。它是 calculate 最直接、最核心的意思。💡 常用“calculate + 数值、答案、距离或成本”等结构,也可用“calculate how much/long...”引出要计算的内容。语气比单纯的“数一数”更正式,常用于数学、科学和实际估算。不要误以为只能计算整数,复杂公式和近似值同样可以用它表达。transitiveCan you calculate the total cost before we place the order?下订单前,你能算出总费用吗?The program calculates the distance between the two cities.这个程序会计算两座城市之间的距离。
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core 进行计算;算得出📖 不特别指出计算对象,只表示进行数学计算或推算出答案,重点在“算这个过程”。💡 常用“calculate quickly/accurately/in your head”等副词短语说明计算方式,也可用“calculate from...”说明依据。这个用法比及物用法少见,通常上下文已经清楚正在算什么。中文学习者不要随意把它当作“计算某物”而省略必要的对象,若对象重要应直接补出。intransitiveI can calculate faster on paper than I can in my head.我在纸上计算比在脑子里心算快。
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rare 料想;估计📖 在美国英语的方言或非正式用法中,表示根据情况作出“我估计、我想”的判断;这是从计算和权衡引申出来的意思。💡 常见于美国地区性或带方言色彩的“ I calculate...”式表达,后面可接从句。它不是标准学习语境中表达“我想”的首选,正式写作和普通会话应优先使用更常见的表达。不要把这种用法当成所有英语地区都自然的日常用语。US dialectal intransitive
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rare 推算;预见📖 通过数学或占星等计算推定某个时间、情况,或预先判断某件事会带来的后果;这是“算出未来结果”的扩展义。💡 常见于历史、占星或正式书面语境,通常接时间、条件、后果等抽象对象。现代普通会话中,预测具体事件多用更直接的词。不要把它和核心数学义混用来表示普通的“计划”。
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common 筹划;使适合📖 预先权衡各种条件,安排方法,使某项计划、制度或行动适合要达到的目的。这里仍然保留了“算清楚后再安排”的核心画面。💡 常用“calculate something for a purpose”或“be calculated to do something”表示某安排意在产生某种效果。这个义项多见于正式或书面语,尤其用于计划、政策和行动后果。不要把它简单理解为“计算尺寸”,重点是经过考虑后作出安排或调整。The training program was carefully calculated to prepare new staff for emergencies.这项培训计划经过周密设计,旨在让新员工应对紧急情况。
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common 预想棋步;推演变化📖 在棋类或其他棋盘游戏中,不实际移动棋子,而是在脑中推演自己走一步后对手可能怎样回应,以及后面会怎样发展。💡 常用“calculate a variation/line”或“calculate several moves ahead”描述棋局推演。这个义项主要用于国际象棋等棋类语境,通常强调连续分析可能的走法。不要把它理解成真的进行数值运算,核心是像计算一样逐步预测变化。She calculated three moves ahead before deciding where to put her knight.她在决定把马走到哪里之前,先推演了三步。
calculates
present,singular,third-person
calculating
participle,present
calculated
participle,past
calculated
past
calculate
first-person,present,singular
calculated
first-person,past,singular
calculate
present,second-person,singular
calculatest
archaic,present,second-person,singular
calculated
past,second-person,singular
calculatedst
archaic,past,second-person,singular
calculateth
archaic,present,singular,third-person
calculated
past,singular,third-person
calculate
plural,present
calculated
past,plural
calculate
present,subjunctive
calculated
past,subjunctive
calculate
imperative,present
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imperative,past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 6 组
make a mathematical calculation or computation
同义词集:
calculate
cipher
cypher
compute
work out
reckon
figure
上位: reason
下位: add, add together, approximate, average, average out, budget, capitalise, capitalize, deduct, differentiate, divide, estimate, extract, factor, factor in, factor out, fraction, gauge, guess, integrate, judge, multiply, process, resolve, solve, subtract, survey, take off
参见: bank, bet, count, depend, figure out, lick, look, puzzle out, reckon, rely, solve, swear, work, work out
judge to be probable
同义词集:
calculate
estimate
reckon
count on
figure
forecast
上位: evaluate, judge, pass judgment
下位: allow, take into account
have faith or confidence in; ; ;
同义词集:
count
bet
depend
swear
rely
bank
look
calculate
reckon
you can count on me to help you any time
Look to your friends for support
You can bet on that!
Depend on your family in times of crisis
上位: trust
specifically design a product, event, or activity for a certain public
同义词集:
calculate
aim
direct
上位: designate, destine, intend, specify
predict in advance
同义词集:
forecast
calculate
上位: anticipate, call, forebode, foretell, predict, prognosticate, promise
keep an account of
同义词集:
account
calculate
下位: balance, bill, charge, compound, credit, debit
🌳 词源
源自拉丁语,原意与用小石子计数有关;英语中的数学词义由此发展而来。
Borrowed from Latin calculātus, perfect passive participle of calculō (“to reckon, compute, calculate”, originally by means of pebbles) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from calculus (“a pebble”), further from calx (“limestone”, calc- in compounds) + -ulus (forms diminutives).
🔄 变式
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imperat
calculated
1st_sg
calculatedst
archaic
calculates
present
calculatest
archaic
calculateth
archaic
calculating
present
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