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blame
★★★★
🇺🇸 /blˈeɪm/
blame 的核心意思是把坏事或不良结果归到某人或某事身上,也可以指因此产生的指责、过错或责任;它还可作形容词,用作加强语气的委婉说法。
💡 记忆钩子
把 blame 想成“手指向造成坏结果的一方”:动词是把责任指给某人,名词是这种指责或应承担的责任;形容词则从“责备”这个较强语气分化出来,作为委婉的加强语。
📝 学习建议
- 建议先掌握动词“归咎、责怪”和名词“责备、责任”这条主线,再学习技术语境和形容词的特殊用法。
- blame 不只是中文“责怪”的直接对应词,也常表示客观上应负的过错或责任;它不一定意味着对方故意犯错。
📖 中文释义
adj
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rare 委婉的加强语📖 这里的 blame 不表示“责怪”,而是用来加强后面的词,带有“非常、该死地”的语气。not-comparable
noun
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core 指责;责备📖 指向某人或某事的负面批评,重点是“有人在责怪”。💡 常用“blame comes from + 人/方面”或“receive the blame”表示受到指责。它通常用于不可数意义;若要说一次具体的批评,往往需要换用 criticism 或具体动词。uncountableBlame came from every side after the decision was announced.决定宣布后,各方面的指责都来了。She tried to avoid blame by admitting her mistake immediately.她立即承认错误,试图避免受到指责。
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core 过错;应负的责任📖 指坏事发生时某人或某事应承担的过错,重点是“责任归谁”。💡 常用“the blame for + 事情”或“place the blame on + 人/事物”。这个意思比单纯的责备更接近责任归属,既可用于日常事故,也可用于正式分析。uncountableThe blame for the delay lies with the shipping company.延误的责任在运输公司。No one knows where to place the blame for the failure.没人知道这次失败的责任该归到谁身上。
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common 应受指责的责任📖 表示某人承认、承担或拒绝承担由于某件坏事而产生的责任,常与承担责任的动作连用。💡 常见搭配是“take/accept/share the blame”,表示承担或分担责任;“put the blame on”则表示把责任推给某人。这里的 blame 通常不是泛指所有责任,而是特指值得责备的那部分责任。uncountableThe manager accepted the blame for the team’s mistake.经理承担了团队犯错的责任。
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rare 代码责任追踪功能📖 在软件开发中,blame 是一种查看源代码某一部分由哪位用户最后负责或修改的功能,仍然保留了“追溯责任归属”的核心概念。💡 只在版本控制和软件工程语境中使用,通常指具体的命令或界面功能;不要在普通谈话中把它理解成一般的“责备”。uncountable
verb
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core 把责任归给;责怪📖 把坏结果指向某人,认为这个人是原因或应承担责任的一方。💡 常用“blame somebody for something”或“blame somebody for doing something”。被 blame 的人可以是实际原因,也可以只是说话者认为应负责的人;不要把它误解为单纯描述因果关系。transitive usuallyThe coach blamed the players for losing focus in the final minutes.教练责怪球员在最后几分钟注意力不集中。Don’t blame yourself for a mistake anyone could have made.这种任何人都可能犯的错,不要责怪自己。
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common 把坏事归咎于📖 强调把某个坏事件或结果的原因归到某人或某事上,重点在“这件事是由谁造成的”。💡 常用“blame something on somebody/something”,宾语先说坏事,再用 on 引出被归咎的一方。这个结构容易被中文母语者写成 blame something to somebody,这是错误的介词搭配。transitiveThey blamed the power outage on a damaged cable.他们把停电归咎于一根损坏的电缆。
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common 责备;批评📖 泛指因为某人的行为不当而责备或批评他,不一定详细说明某件坏事的责任归属。💡 可直接说“blame somebody”,表示责备某人;若要说明责备的具体原因,通常补充 for 短语。语气通常比 criticize 更带有“你应为此负责”的意味。You can blame me, but the decision was made by the whole committee.你可以责怪我,但这个决定是整个委员会一起作出的。
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rare 使名誉受损📖 这是过时用法,表示通过可耻的行为损害某人或某物的名誉,仍可看作把负面评价施加到对象上。💡 只见于古旧或历史文学语境,现代英语中通常不用它表达“损害名誉”。学习时认出即可,不要主动仿造这种用法。obsolete
blames
present,singular,third-person
blaming
participle,present
blamed
participle,past
blamed
past
blame
first-person,present,singular
blamed
first-person,past,singular
blame
present,second-person,singular
blamest
archaic,present,second-person,singular
blamed
past,second-person,singular
blamedst
archaic,past,second-person,singular
blameth
archaic,present,singular,third-person
blamed
past,singular,third-person
blame
plural,present
blamed
past,plural
blame
present,subjunctive
blamed
past,subjunctive
blame
imperative,present
-
imperative,past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 6 组
expletives used informally as intensifiers; ; ; ; ; ; ;
同义词集:
blasted
blame
blamed
blessed
damn
damned
darned
deuced
goddam
goddamn
goddamned
infernal
he's a blasted idiot
it's a blamed shame
a blame cold winter
not a blessed dime
I'll be damned (or blessed or darned or goddamned) if I'll do any such thing
he's a damn (or goddam or goddamned) fool
a deuced idiot
an infernal nuisance
近似: cursed, curst
attribute responsibility to;
同义词集:
blame
charge
We blamed the accident on her
The tragedy was charged to her inexperience
上位: ascribe, assign, attribute, impute
put or pin the blame on
同义词集:
blame
fault
反义: absolve, free
上位: accuse, charge
harass with constant criticism
同义词集:
blame
find fault
pick
Don't always pick on your little brother
上位: criticise, criticize, knock, pick apart
a reproach for some lapse or misdeed;
同义词集:
blame
rap
he took the blame for it
it was a bum rap
上位: reproach
an accusation that you are responsible for some lapse or misdeed;
同义词集:
incrimination
inculpation
blame
his incrimination was based on my testimony
the police laid the blame on the driver
上位: accusal, accusation
🌳 词源
来自中古英语,经古法语和晚期拉丁语追溯至古希腊语;与 blaspheme 同源。
From Middle English blamen, borrowed from Old French blasmer, from Late Latin blasphēmāre (“to reproach, to revile”), from Ancient Greek βλασφημέω (blasphēméō). Compare blaspheme, a doublet. Overtook common use from the native wite (“to blame, accuse, reproach, suspect”) (from Middle English wīten, from Old English wītan).
🔄 变式
-
imperat
blamed
1st_sg
blamedst
archaic
blames
present
blamest
archaic
blameth
archaic
blaming
present
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