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bestow

🇺🇸 /bɪstˈoʊ/ 🇬🇧 /bɪˈstəʊ/
noun 编号: B01110 BNC #9541 COCA #9425
主要表示正式地把某物、荣誉或身份授予某人;也可以表示把时间、精力用于某事,另有一些古旧义项。
💡 记忆钩子
把东西“妥当地放到某人或某事上”:放上礼物、荣誉或名字,就是“授予”;把时间和精力放到某事上,就是“投入、用于”。
📝 学习建议
  • 优先记住“正式授予”和“把时间或精力用于”这两个现代用法;其余“安置、收藏、提供住宿”等多为古旧义项。
  • 不要把 bestow 当作日常英语中所有“给”的通用替代词,它通常带有郑重或书面色彩。
📖 中文释义
noun
  • rare 授予;赠送
    📖 指把某物作为礼物或荣誉送给某人,即“授予这一行为”。现代英语中通常使用 bestowal 或其他更常见的名词表达。
    obsolete rare transitive
bestows plural
verb
  • common 把时间或精力用于
    📖 把时间、精力或其他资源投入某项活动,相当于“花费、用于”。这个用法保留了“把东西放到某处”的核心画面,只是放上去的是时间或精力。
    💡 常用结构是 “bestow time/attention/effort on something”,也可接表示活动的名词。这个用法比 spend 或 devote 更正式,不能把它自然地用于普通金钱消费。注意它强调把资源投入某事,而不是把资源赠送给某人。
    transitive
    She bestowed all her spare time on caring for the animals.
    她把所有空闲时间都用来照料这些动物。
  • rare 使用;花费
    📖 这是“使用或花费某物”的更古旧、较具体用法,可看作把某物安排到某项用途上。
    obsolete specifically transitive
  • core 授予;赠给
    📖 把礼物、荣誉、称号、权利或名字郑重地给某人,是 bestow 最重要的现代义项。它像是把一件有价值或有意义的东西正式放到某人身上,因此常可译为“授予、赐予、赋予”。
    💡 常用结构是 “bestow something on/upon somebody”,其中 on 和 upon 都可以,upon 更正式。宾语通常是荣誉、奖项、称号、祝福或名字等有郑重意味的事物;不要把普通的小礼物或日常递东西都说成 bestow。
    transitive
    The university bestowed an honorary degree on the scientist.
    这所大学授予那位科学家荣誉学位。
    The king bestowed the title of duke upon him.
    国王授予他公爵的头衔。
  • rare 安置;放置
    📖 指把某人或某物放到某个地方或处境中,是“妥当地放置”这一核心画面的直接延伸,但现在主要只在古旧文本中出现。
    archaic transitive
  • rare 收藏;储存
    📖 指把东西收起来以便保管或储藏,相当于把它妥善放入仓库或存放处。
    archaic transitive
  • rare 提供住宿;安顿
    📖 指为某人或自己安排住处,使其得到安顿;这是“把人放到合适的地方”这一古旧延伸义。
    also archaic reflexive transitive
  • rare 举止;表现
    📖 反身用法表示安排或表现自己,也就是“如何自处、如何行事”;该义项现已过时。
    obsolete reflexive transitive
  • rare 嫁给;安排结婚
    📖 指把某人安排给另一人作为配偶,常用于旧式婚姻语境,现已过时。
    also obsolete reflexive transitive
bestows present,singular,third-person bestowing participle,present bestowed participle,past bestowed past bestow first-person,present,singular bestowed first-person,past,singular bestow present,second-person,singular bestowest archaic,present,second-person,singular bestowed past,second-person,singular bestowedst archaic,past,second-person,singular bestoweth archaic,present,singular,third-person bestowed past,singular,third-person bestow plural,present bestowed past,plural bestow present,subjunctive bestowed past,subjunctive bestow imperative,present - imperative,past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 3 组
present;
同义词集: confer bestow
The university conferred a degree on its most famous former student, who never graduated
bestow an honor on someone
上位: award, present 下位: bless, graduate
give as a gift
同义词集: bestow
上位: give
bestow a quality on; ; ;
同义词集: lend impart bestow contribute add bring
Her presence lends a certain cachet to the company
The music added a lot to the play
She brings a special atmosphere to our meetings
This adds a light note to the program
上位: alter, change, modify 下位: factor, instill, transfuse
🌳 词源
源自表示“放置”的词根,后来由 be- 加 stow 构成;名词 bestowal 由该动词派生而来。
PIE word *h₁epi The verb is derived from Middle English bestowen, bistouen, bistowen (“to give, bestow; to apply (something to something else); to arrange or have control over (something); to place (someone) in a position; to use (for some purpose); (reflexive) to find (oneself) a place to live or shelter”) [and other forms], from bi- (prefix forming verbs, often with a completive, figurative, or intensive meaning) + stouen, stowen (“to pack (cargo) in a ship, stow; to place (someone) in a certain position; to provide quarters for, lodge; etc.”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to place; to stand (up)”)). The English word is analysable as be- (intensifying prefix forming verbs) + stow (“to put (something) away in a suitable place; etc.”). The noun is derived from the verb.
🔄 变式
- imperat bestowed 1st_sg bestowedst archaic bestowest archaic bestoweth archaic bestowing present bestows plural
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