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bestow
★
🇺🇸 /bɪstˈoʊ/
🇬🇧 /bɪˈstəʊ/
主要表示正式地把某物、荣誉或身份授予某人;也可以表示把时间、精力用于某事,另有一些古旧义项。
💡 记忆钩子
把东西“妥当地放到某人或某事上”:放上礼物、荣誉或名字,就是“授予”;把时间和精力放到某事上,就是“投入、用于”。
📝 学习建议
- 优先记住“正式授予”和“把时间或精力用于”这两个现代用法;其余“安置、收藏、提供住宿”等多为古旧义项。
- 不要把 bestow 当作日常英语中所有“给”的通用替代词,它通常带有郑重或书面色彩。
📖 中文释义
noun
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rare 授予;赠送📖 指把某物作为礼物或荣誉送给某人,即“授予这一行为”。现代英语中通常使用 bestowal 或其他更常见的名词表达。obsolete rare transitive
bestows
plural
verb
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common 把时间或精力用于📖 把时间、精力或其他资源投入某项活动,相当于“花费、用于”。这个用法保留了“把东西放到某处”的核心画面,只是放上去的是时间或精力。💡 常用结构是 “bestow time/attention/effort on something”,也可接表示活动的名词。这个用法比 spend 或 devote 更正式,不能把它自然地用于普通金钱消费。注意它强调把资源投入某事,而不是把资源赠送给某人。transitiveShe bestowed all her spare time on caring for the animals.她把所有空闲时间都用来照料这些动物。
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rare 使用;花费📖 这是“使用或花费某物”的更古旧、较具体用法,可看作把某物安排到某项用途上。obsolete specifically transitive
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core 授予;赠给📖 把礼物、荣誉、称号、权利或名字郑重地给某人,是 bestow 最重要的现代义项。它像是把一件有价值或有意义的东西正式放到某人身上,因此常可译为“授予、赐予、赋予”。💡 常用结构是 “bestow something on/upon somebody”,其中 on 和 upon 都可以,upon 更正式。宾语通常是荣誉、奖项、称号、祝福或名字等有郑重意味的事物;不要把普通的小礼物或日常递东西都说成 bestow。transitiveThe university bestowed an honorary degree on the scientist.这所大学授予那位科学家荣誉学位。The king bestowed the title of duke upon him.国王授予他公爵的头衔。
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rare 安置;放置📖 指把某人或某物放到某个地方或处境中,是“妥当地放置”这一核心画面的直接延伸,但现在主要只在古旧文本中出现。archaic transitive
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rare 收藏;储存📖 指把东西收起来以便保管或储藏,相当于把它妥善放入仓库或存放处。archaic transitive
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rare 提供住宿;安顿📖 指为某人或自己安排住处,使其得到安顿;这是“把人放到合适的地方”这一古旧延伸义。also archaic reflexive transitive
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rare 举止;表现📖 反身用法表示安排或表现自己,也就是“如何自处、如何行事”;该义项现已过时。obsolete reflexive transitive
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rare 嫁给;安排结婚📖 指把某人安排给另一人作为配偶,常用于旧式婚姻语境,现已过时。also obsolete reflexive transitive
bestows
present,singular,third-person
bestowing
participle,present
bestowed
participle,past
bestowed
past
bestow
first-person,present,singular
bestowed
first-person,past,singular
bestow
present,second-person,singular
bestowest
archaic,present,second-person,singular
bestowed
past,second-person,singular
bestowedst
archaic,past,second-person,singular
bestoweth
archaic,present,singular,third-person
bestowed
past,singular,third-person
bestow
plural,present
bestowed
past,plural
bestow
present,subjunctive
bestowed
past,subjunctive
bestow
imperative,present
-
imperative,past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 3 组
present;
同义词集:
confer
bestow
The university conferred a degree on its most famous former student, who never graduated
bestow an honor on someone
上位: award, present
下位: bless, graduate
give as a gift
同义词集:
bestow
上位: give
bestow a quality on; ; ;
同义词集:
lend
impart
bestow
contribute
add
bring
Her presence lends a certain cachet to the company
The music added a lot to the play
She brings a special atmosphere to our meetings
This adds a light note to the program
上位: alter, change, modify
下位: factor, instill, transfuse
🌳 词源
源自表示“放置”的词根,后来由 be- 加 stow 构成;名词 bestowal 由该动词派生而来。
PIE word
*h₁epi
The verb is derived from Middle English bestowen, bistouen, bistowen (“to give, bestow; to apply (something to something else); to arrange or have control over (something); to place (someone) in a position; to use (for some purpose); (reflexive) to find (oneself) a place to live or shelter”) [and other forms], from bi- (prefix forming verbs, often with a completive, figurative, or intensive meaning) + stouen, stowen (“to pack (cargo) in a ship, stow; to place (someone) in a certain position; to provide quarters for, lodge; etc.”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to place; to stand (up)”)). The English word is analysable as be- (intensifying prefix forming verbs) + stow (“to put (something) away in a suitable place; etc.”).
The noun is derived from the verb.
🔄 变式
-
imperat
bestowed
1st_sg
bestowedst
archaic
bestowest
archaic
bestoweth
archaic
bestowing
present
bestows
plural
🏷 单词标签 & 词根