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be

★★★★★

🇺🇸 /bˈi/

adj 编号: B00698 牛津3000 BNC #2 COCA #2

be 是英语中极其核心的不规则动词，既可表示“是、存在、处于某种状态”，也常作助动词构成被动、进行等结构；此外还可作若干专门缩写、名称和字母名称。

💡 记忆钩子

把 be 想成“把人或事物放在某个状态里”：它可以说明“是什么”（身份）、“在哪里或怎么样”（存在和状态），也可以和其他动词连用，把动作放进被动或进行的状态中；单独使用时还可表示“存在”或“别去打扰”。

📝 学习建议

先掌握 be 的主要形式 am、is、are、was、were，以及过去分词 been；它们不是不同单词，而是同一个动词的不规则变化。
不要把 be 只理解成中文的“是”：在进行时、被动语态和表示存在的句型中，它通常不单独翻译成“是”。
be 作助动词时，后面常接现在分词或过去分词；be 后面直接接普通动词原形通常是不对的，但特定结构中可以接不定式。

📖 中文释义

adj

rare 符合专科认证资格的

📖 在医学语境中，be 表示某人已经符合参加相关专科认证评定的资格，但不等于已经获得认证。

💡 常见结构是 be + 医学资格或培训名词，或放在名词前作定语。它属于专业缩写，通常只在医生培训、考试和认证材料中出现。不要把它误解为普通英语动词 be。

abbreviation alt-of initialism not-comparable

name

common 柏林州

📖 在德国行政区或相关资料中，be 可作为柏林州的缩写。

💡 通常出现在地址、表格、地图或行政区列表中，不能像普通地名那样随意使用。看到它时要结合德国行政语境理解为柏林州，而不是动词 be。

abbreviation alt-of

The form lists BE as the applicant's state.

表格把 BE 列为申请人的州。
rare 明古鲁省

📖 在印度尼西亚行政区资料中，be 可作为明古鲁省的缩写。

💡 这一缩写主要用于行政、地图或运输资料，通常以大写形式出现。不要仅凭英语普通句子的 be 来判断它有这个地名义。

abbreviation alt-of
common 黑人英语

📖 在语言学和社会语言学中，be 可指 Black English，即与黑人社群相关的英语变体或语言使用传统。

💡 它通常出现在语言学、社会学和文化研究文本中，常作名词性缩写使用。这个名称涉及语言与身份，使用时应尊重具体社群和学术语境，不要把它泛化为所有黑人说的英语。

abbreviation alt-of initialism

The article compares BE with other varieties of English.

这篇文章比较了黑人英语和其他英语变体。
common 佛历

📖 在历史、宗教和东南亚年代资料中，be 可指 Buddhist Era，即以佛教纪年为基础的年代系统。

💡 它通常放在年份之后或出现在年代说明中，具体年份换算方式要看当地资料的标准。不要把佛历缩写和普通英语动词 be 混读或混解。

abbreviation alt-of initialism

The inscription is dated 2450 BE.

这块碑文标注的年代是佛历2450年。

noun

common 西里尔字母 Б 的名称

📖 be 是西里尔字母 Б／б 的字母名称，相当于介绍这个字母时使用的读名。

💡 常见结构是 the letter be 或 name the letter be。它指的是字母的名称，不是英语动词 be，也不是拉丁字母 B 本身。

In Russian, the letter be represents the sound /b/.

在俄语中，字母 be 表示 /b/ 这个音。

bes plural

noun

common 工程学学士

📖 在教育和职业资料中，be 可指 Bachelor of Engineering，即工程学学士学位或持有该学位的人，具体所指看句子。

💡 常见于学位列表、简历和姓名后的资格标注中，也可作名词表示该学位。不要把它和表示理学学士或工学相关的其他学位缩写混为一谈。

abbreviation alt-of countable initialism uncountable

She earned a BE in civil engineering.

她获得了土木工程学学士学位。
rare 胸部扩张

📖 在成人内容或相关网络语境中，be 可指 breast expansion，即对胸部变大的描写或主题。

💡 这一缩写主要出现在特定网络标签或成人内容中，不适合普通正式交流。看到它时必须依靠上下文判断，不能默认理解为工程学学士。

abbreviation alt-of countable initialism uncountable

BEs plural

verb

core 构成被动语态

📖 be 和过去分词连用，把重点放在“某事被做”或“某人受到某个动作”上；这里的 be 像是把对象放进“被作用”的状态。

💡 基本结构是主语 + be + 过去分词，动作执行者需要强调时再接 by + 名词。be 的时态由 be 本身承担，后面的过去分词通常不随主语变化；不要把进行时的现在分词误放在这个位置。

auxiliary irregular

The window was broken during the storm.

窗户在暴风雨中被打破了。

All applications are reviewed by the committee.

所有申请都由委员会审核。
core 构成进行时

📖 be 和现在分词连用，表示动作正在进行或处于持续过程中；be 把动作放进“正在发生”的状态。

💡 基本结构是主语 + be + 现在分词，be 的形式随主语和时态变化。不要在现在分词前漏掉 be，也不要把普通现在时和进行时的意义混为一谈。

irregular

They are waiting outside.

他们正在外面等着。

I was reading when you called.

你打电话时我正在读书。
common 表示预定或应当发生

📖 be 和不定式连用，表示按安排将要做某事，或某人被要求、注定做某事。

💡 常见结构是主语 + be + to + 动词原形，语气比普通的将来表达更正式，常见于公告、计划和正式叙述。不要把 to 后的动词写成过去式或现在分词。

formal irregular

The minister is to speak at noon.

部长定于中午发言。
rare 特定方言中的习惯性动作

📖 在部分英语方言中，be 可放在动词进行形式前，表示反复或通常发生的行为，而不一定只表示此刻正在发生。

💡 这种用法有明确的地域和社群背景，不能当作标准英语中普遍适用的进行时结构。学习者在正式或跨地区交流中应优先使用标准的 am、is、are 加现在分词。

Caribbean Ireland auxiliary irregular
core 表示某物或某人存在

📖 在 there be 结构中，be 表示“有、存在”，把某个事物引入眼前的场景；它不主要说明身份，而是说明某处存在什么。

💡 基本结构是 there + be + 名词，be 的数通常跟后面的名词一致；口语中常按最近的名词选择形式。不要把 there is 机械地理解成地点“那里是”，这里的 there 主要是形式成分。

irregular with-dummy-subject

There are two messages on your phone.

你的手机上有两条消息。

There was a long line outside the store.

商店外面排着一条长队。
core 表示身份或等同

📖 be 连接主语和名词、形容词等补语，说明“某人或某物是什么、怎么样”；这是“把对象放在某个身份或状态里”的最基本用法。

💡 常见结构是主语 + be + 名词、形容词或地点短语。be 的形式必须和主语匹配，否定在 be 后加 not，提问时把 be 放到主语前；不要在 be 后再加普通动词原形来表达一般动作。

irregular

My sister is a doctor.

我姐姐是一名医生。

The keys are on the table.

钥匙在桌子上。
rare 方言中的过去系动词用法

📖 在少数地区或旧式用法中，be 的特殊过去形式可以表示过去的身份、状态或时间关系。

💡 这种形式不是现代标准英语学习中应主动使用的常规形式，通常只需在方言、旧文本或文学材料中辨认。正式表达过去状态时应使用 was 或 were。

irregular past rare regional
common 用于天气、时间等非人称表达

📖 在描述天气、温度、时间或环境状况时，be 和形式主语 it 连用，表示“情况是这样”，其中 it 不一定指向具体事物。

💡 常见结构是 it + be + 形容词或名词短语，例如描述天气、温度和时间。这里的 it 是形式主语，中文翻译时常不单独译出；不要因为没有具体的“它”就省掉 it。

impersonal irregular often

It is cold outside tonight.

今晚外面很冷。
common 表示进入或保持某种状态

📖 be 有时和形容词或状态词连用，表示主动进入、保持或呈现某种状态，而不只是静态地说明身份。

💡 常见结构是主语 + be + 形容词或状态表达，具体含义要看上下文。此用法在口语、广告或富有表现力的表达中较常见；不要把所有 be 后面的形容词都强行理解成动作。

especially irregular

Be kind to yourself today.

今天请善待自己。
rare 单独表示存在

📖 be 单独作实义动词时，可以表示某物或某种存在状态本身“存在”，常带有文学或哲学色彩。

💡 这种用法通常出现在正式、文学或哲学语境中，日常英语更常用 exist 或完整的系动词结构。它后面不一定需要表语，因为重点就是“存在”这一事实。

irregular literary usually
common 表示让某人或某物保持原状

📖 在祈使或请求表达中，be 可表示“别碰、别管、让其保持原样”，也就是让对象继续处在当前状态。

💡 常见结构是 let + 宾语 + be，表示暂时不要干预；单独的 be 也可用于较简短的命令或劝告。这个结构不是“让某人存在”，而是“别打扰某人或某物”。

irregular

Please let the cat be for a while.

请暂时别去打扰那只猫。

am first-person,present,singular 'm first-person,present,singular was first-person,past,singular 's dialectal,first-person,past,singular were dialectal,first-person,past,singular are present,second-person,singular 're present,second-person,singular were past,second-person,singular is present,singular,third-person 's present,singular,third-person are present,singular,third-person 're present,singular,third-person was past,singular,third-person were dialectal,past,singular,third-person were past,singular,third-person are plural,present 're plural,present were past,plural was dialectal,past,plural 's dialectal,past,plural be present,subjunctive were past,subjunctive be imperative,present - imperative,past being participle,present been participle,past be archaic,first-person,present,singular art archaic,present,second-person,singular 'rt archaic,present,second-person,singular wast archaic,past,second-person,singular wert archaic,past,second-person,singular beeth archaic,present,singular,third-person bes archaic,present,singular,third-person be archaic,plural,present been archaic,plural,present weren archaic,past,plural beest archaic,present,subjunctive wert archaic,past,subjunctive

📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 14 组

spend or use time

同义词集: be

I may be an hour

上位: occupy, take, use up

work in a specific place, with a specific subject, or in a specific function;

同义词集: be follow

He is a herpetologist

She is our resident philosopher

下位: cox, vet

have an existence, be extant

同义词集: exist be

Is there a God?

下位: coexist, cohabit, come, consist, distribute, dwell, endanger, flow, hold, imperil, inhabit, jeopardise, jeopardize, lie, lie in, menace, obtain, peril, prevail, threaten

have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun);

同义词集: be

John is rich

This is not a good answer

下位: abound, accept, account, act, add up, adhere, adorn, amount, answer, appear, bake, balance, be given, beat, beautify, bedevil, befuddle, begin, belong, blow, body forth, boil, breathe, broil, buy, buzz, clean, come, compact, compare, comprise, confound, confuse, connect, consist, contain, continue, coruscate, cost, count, cover, curve, cut, deck, decorate, define, delimit, delimitate, delineate, depend, deserve, disaccord, disagree, discombobulate, discord, distribute, diverge, draw, drown, embellish, embody, encounter, end, enter, fall, feel, figure, fit, footle, fox, fuddle, gape, go, grace, gravitate, hail, hang, hang around, head, head up, hold, hum, hurt, incarnate, incline, interrelate, jumble, kill, lallygag, lean, lend, lie, linger, litter, loaf, loiter, lollygag, look, lounge, lurk, make, matter, measure, merit, mess about, mill about, mill around, mingle, need, number, object, owe, pack, pay, point, press, promise, prove, rage, range, rank, rate, recognize, relate, remain, represent, require, rest, retard, run, run into, rut, scintillate, seem, seethe, sell, shine, sparkle, specify, squat, stand, stand by, start, stay, stay on, stick, stick by, stink, substantiate, suck, suffer, suit, swim, swing, take, tarry, tend, terminate, test, throw, total, translate, transplant, trim, turn out, turn up, twist, want, wash, weigh, wind, work, yaw, yawn

have life, be alive;

同义词集: be live

Our great leader is no more

My grandfather lived until the end of war

be identical to; be someone or something;

同义词集: be

The president of the company is John Smith

This is my house

form or compose; ; ; ; ;

同义词集: constitute represent make up comprise be

This money is my only income

The stone wall was the backdrop for the performance

These constitute my entire belonging

The children made up the chorus

This sum represents my entire income for a year

These few men comprise his entire army

下位: compose, constitute, form, make, pose, present, range, straddle, supplement

occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere; ;

同义词集: be

Where is my umbrella?

The toolshed is in the back

What is behind this behavior?

下位: attend, belong, come, continue, cover, dwell, extend, extend to, face, fill, follow, go, go to, inhabit, lead, lie, live, occupy, pass, poke out, populate, reach, reach out, rest, run, sit, sit around, straddle, stretch, stretch along, touch

be identical or equivalent to

同义词集: equal be

One dollar equals 1,000 rubles these days!

反义: differ 下位: agree, check, correspond, equate, fit, gibe, jibe, match, represent, stand for, tally, translate

represent, as of a character on stage

同义词集: embody be personify

Derek Jacobi was Hamlet

上位: represent, stand for, symbolise, symbolize, typify 下位: body, exemplify, personify, represent

be priced at

同义词集: cost be

These shoes cost $100

to remain unmolested, undisturbed, or uninterrupted -- used only in infinitive form

同义词集: be

let her be

上位: remain, rest, stay

happen, occur, take place; ;

同义词集: be

I lost my wallet; this was during the visit to my parents' house

There were two hundred people at his funeral

There was a lot of noise in the kitchen

a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element

同义词集: beryllium be glucinium atomic number 4

上位: metal, metallic element

🌳 词源

be 的英语各形式来自多条古英语和原始日耳曼语词源，后来逐渐合并为同一个不规则动词。作名词表示西里尔字母 Б 的名称时，借自俄语 бэ。

From Middle English been (“to be”). See below for more. Further etymology of be and its conjugated forms The various forms have three separate origins, which were mixed together at various times in the history of English. * The forms beginning with b- come from Old English bēon (“to be, become”), from Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, exist, come to be, become”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-yé-ti (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”), from the root *bʰuH-. In particular: ** Now-dialectal use of been as an infinitive of be is either from Middle English been (“to be”) or an extension of the past participle. ** Now-obsolete use of been as a plural present tense (meaning "are") is from Middle English been, be (present plural of been (“to be”), with the -n leveled in from the past and subjunctive; compare competing forms aren/are). ** Use of been as a past participle is from Middle English been, ybeen, from Old English ġebēon. * The forms beginning with w- come from the aforementioned Old English bēon, which shared its past tense with the verb wesan, from Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to reside”). * The remaining forms (am, are, is) are also from Old English wesan (“to be”), Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, the present tense of which comes from Proto-Indo-European *h₁és-ti, from the root *h₁es-.

🔄 变式

- imperat 'm 1st_sg 're plural 'rt archaic 's dialect am 1st_sg are plural art archaic been archaic beest archaic beeth archaic being present BEs plural is present was 1st_sg wast archaic were dialect weren archaic wert archaic

🏷 单词标签 & 词根