bastille

Bastille主要指法国巴黎的巴士底狱，也可指城堡式要塞、监狱，或引申为把人关起来。

💡 记忆钩子

把Bastille想成一座坚固的城堡：城堡后来成了巴黎的监狱，于是它又能引申为压迫人的牢狱，动词则表示把人或东西关进这样的牢笼。

📝 学习建议

先记巴黎的巴士底狱这一专名，再理解普通名词和动词的引申义；普通英语中后两类用法并不常见。
不要把它当作普通的“城堡”或日常的“监狱”来随意替换；普通名词义多带历史、文学或比喻色彩。

📖 中文释义

name

core 巴黎的巴士底狱

📖 指法国巴黎的巴士底狱：这座原为要塞的建筑后来被用作监狱，1789年遭到攻占，成为法国大革命的重要象征。

💡 常见句型是“攻占Bastille”或“Bastille象征……”。它主要出现在历史、政治和文化介绍中，通常指这座特定建筑，而不是泛指任何监狱。

The storming of the Bastille became a symbol of the French Revolution.

攻占巴士底狱成为法国大革命的象征。

noun

core 要塞；堡塔

📖 指带有防御作用的堡塔、要塞或小型城堡，是“坚固的封闭建筑”这一核心形象的起点。

💡 常见于“a bastille of stone”或“a fortified bastille”这类描写性结构。这个义项偏历史或文学，不宜在日常对话中代替表示普通城堡的词。

The travelers discovered a ruined bastille on the hill.

旅行者在山上发现了一座废弃的堡塔。
core 严酷的监狱

📖 比喻性地指像巴士底狱一样压迫、虐待囚犯的监狱，重点不只是关押功能，还包括令人窒息的制度和环境。

💡 常见句型是“a bastille for prisoners”或“turn something into a bastille”。它通常带强烈的批评或文学色彩，不能把任何普通监狱都自然地称为这个词。

figuratively

The abandoned factory had become a bastille for political prisoners.

那座废弃工厂已经变成了关押政治犯的严酷监狱。
rare 济贫院

📖 在英国历史语境中，可指要求贫困者劳动、生活条件严苛的济贫院；这个义项把“令人受压迫的封闭场所”进一步用于社会救济机构。

💡 通常与英国历史和旧式济贫制度连用，且常含贬义。不要在现代语境中用它指普通的福利机构或收容所。

British derogatory figuratively
rare 围城军营

📖 历史军事用语，指围攻某地的军队所筑的设防营地，或其中的建筑；仍然保留“临时筑起的防御场所”这一核心概念。

💡 常见于旧式军事史料，通常与围城、壕沟和营地等词搭配。现代一般写作中很少使用，不要把它理解成被围一方的城堡。

historical

bastilles plural

verb

core 监禁；禁闭

📖 指把某人或某物关进监狱，或用监狱般的方式限制其自由；它是从“巴士底狱”这一牢笼形象直接发展出的动词义。

💡 常见句型是“bastille someone in a cell”或“bastille an idea”。这个词带文学性和批判意味，不能按现代普通动词那样广泛使用，也不要误把它当作不及物动词。

also figuratively transitive

The tyrant bastilled his rivals in a remote fortress.

暴君把他的对手关押在一座偏远的要塞里。

bastilles present,singular,third-person bastilling participle,present bastilled participle,past bastilled past

📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 2 组

a jail or prison (especially one that is run in a tyrannical manner)

同义词集: bastille

上位: clink, gaol, jail, jailhouse, pokey, poky, prison, prison house, slammer

a fortress built in Paris in the 14th century and used as a prison in the 17th and 18th centuries; it was destroyed July 14, 1789 at the start of the French Revolution

同义词集: bastille

🌳 词源

专名来自法语Bastille，名称源自一座名为圣安东尼的要塞监狱。普通名词源自古法语中表示要塞、堡垒的词，动词则由名词引申而来。

The noun is derived from Middle English bastile, bastel (“fortification for attack mounted on a barge or wheels; projecting part of a fortification, bastion, turret; fortified encampment of a besieging army; structure carrying armed men on an elephant’s back; (figuratively) refuge, shelter; protector”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman bastile, bastille, Middle French bastille, and Old French baastel, basstel (“fortification; fortified tower; temporary fortification constructed for attack or defence; (small) castle or fortress”) (modern French bastille; compare Medieval Latin bastīle), from bastide (“fortification; fortress”) with the ending modified after nouns ending in -ille (from Latin -īle (suffix forming place names)). Bastide is derived from Old Occitan bastida (“fortification; (Provence) country mansion”), from bastir (“to build, construct”) + -ida (suffix forming nouns); while bastir is from *bastīre, from Frankish *bastijan (“to sew; to weave”), from Proto-West Germanic *bast (“fibre; rope”); further etymology uncertain, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰask- ~ *bʰasḱ- (“bundle, heap, load”) but this is disputed. Compare typologically Russian опло́т (oplót), плете́нь (pleténʹ) (akin to плести́ (plestí)). Noun sense 2.1 (“jail or prison, especially one regarded as mistreating its prisoners”) is from the Bastille in Paris, France. Known in full as the Bastille Saint-Antoine, it was a former fortress used as a prison by the French monarchy in the 17th and 18th centuries. The Bastille was stormed by a crowd on 14 July 1789 at the start of the French Revolution and later demolished, becoming an important symbol for the French Republican movement. Noun sense 2.2 (“workhouse”) was possibly popularized by the English politician William Cobbett (1763–1835) who opposed the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 (4 & 5 William IV, chapter 76; often called the “New Poor Law”). This Act made relief or welfare for poor people only available through workhouses, and ensured that the working conditions were harsh so that only the truly destitute would apply for relief. The verb is derived from the noun. Cognates Late Latin bastile (“wooden siege tower”), bastilla, bastillia, bastillus, bastellum (“fortification; wooden siege tower”)

🔄 变式

bastilled past bastilles plural bastilling present

🏷 单词标签 & 词根