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attack

★★★★★

🇺🇸 /ʌtˈæk/ 🇬🇧 /əˈtak/

adj 编号: A02655 牛津3000 BNC #913 COCA #791

attack 的核心意思是“主动冲上去造成伤害或施加压力”，可指身体上的攻击、言语上的抨击，也可引申为着手处理事情，或疾病突然发作。

💡 记忆钩子

想象一个人主动冲向目标：冲上去伤害敌人是攻击，冲着观点或 ವ್ಯಕ್ತ物说重话是抨击，直接冲向任务就是着手处理；疾病突然冲来是发作，音乐或葡萄酒一入口带来的第一冲击也可叫 attack。

📝 学习建议

先掌握“攻击、抨击、着手处理、疾病发作”这条主线，再学习体育和音频等专业义项。
attack 不只表示身体暴力；在新闻和日常表达中，攻击某人的观点、政策或信誉也很常见。
表示疾病发作时，通常要结合具体疾病或症状来理解，不要机械地只译成“攻击”。

📖 中文释义

adj

common 进攻性的；攻击用的

📖 表示某人或某物是为了主动对抗、施压或造成伤害而设计或保留的，例如专门攻击陌生人的狗，或用来抨击对手的广告。

💡 常用结构是“attack + 名词”，如“attack dog”或“attack ad”。它强调用途或角色，而不是某一次具体的攻击；描述人的性格时，通常不用这个形容词直接替代“好斗的”。

not-comparable

The candidate released an attack ad against her opponent.

这名候选人发布了一则抨击对手的竞选广告。

noun

core 攻击；袭击

📖 指为了伤害、击败甚至杀死对手而主动采取的行动，既可以是人或动物的袭击，也可以是军事攻击。

💡 常用结构是“an attack on + 人或地点”，也可说“a surprise attack”或“launch an attack”。它通常指一次具体的攻击行动，不要把它误当成泛指“危险”或“冲突”。

The village was evacuated after a series of attacks.

一连串袭击发生后，村民被疏散了。

The dog made an attack on the cyclist.

那条狗袭击了骑自行车的人。
core 抨击；攻击性批评

📖 指用言语、文章或其他方式贬低某个人、观点或事物的价值和可信度，不一定包含身体暴力。

💡 常用结构是“an attack on + 人、观点或机构”，也常见“a personal attack”和“verbal attack”。它比普通的批评语气更强，尤其常用于新闻、政治和公共争论；不要把所有中性的意见都叫作 attack。

The article was a sharp attack on the government's policy.

这篇文章尖锐地抨击了政府的政策。
common 进攻行动；进攻时段

📖 指战斗或比赛中实际发起进攻的一次行动或一段时间，重点在“进攻正在进行”。

💡 常见结构是“begin/launch an attack”或“during the attack”。它常和军队、球队或对手搭配，强调行动本身及其时机，不只是抽象的攻击意图。

The army waited until dawn to begin the attack.

军队等到黎明才开始进攻。
common 着手处理

📖 非正式地表示直接开始处理一项任务，好像把任务当成目标冲上去解决。

💡 常见结构是“make an attack on + 任务”或“have an attack at + 事情”，但日常口语中更常用“attack + 任务”。这个用法带有轻松、积极或幽默色彩，正式写作中可改用“着手处理”。

broadly informal

After lunch, I made an attack on the pile of paperwork.

午饭后，我开始处理那堆文件。
common 计算机攻击

📖 指利用计算机系统的弱点来破坏系统、窃取信息或影响服务的尝试。

💡 常见结构是“a cyberattack on + 系统”或“a denial-of-service attack”。这属于计算机和网络安全语境，通常需要说明攻击对象或攻击类型；不要把普通的系统故障自动理解为 attack。

The company shut down its website after a cyberattack.

遭到网络攻击后，这家公司关闭了网站。
rare 板球队的投球阵容

📖 在板球术语中，指一方球队所有负责投球、试图让击球员出局的投球手。
rare 排球中的进攻击球

📖 在排球术语中，指除发球和拦网外，把球击过网的进攻性触球。
rare 长曲棍球队的进攻队员

📖 在长曲棍球术语中，指场上的三名进攻队员，或一队全部的进攻队员。
core 疾病突然发作

📖 指疾病或身体状况突然出现并开始影响人，强调“突然冲来”的感觉。

💡 常见结构是“an attack of + 疾病或症状”，如“an attack of asthma”。它强调一次突发事件，不一定表示疾病本身第一次出现；不要只根据中文“发作”把它当作动词使用。

He had an attack of asthma during the night.

他夜里哮喘发作了。

A panic attack left her unable to speak.

一次惊恐发作让她说不出话来。
common 慢性病发作

📖 指反复出现或长期存在的疾病在某一时段出现一次活动性症状，例如一次偏头痛发作。

💡 常见结构是“an attack of + 慢性或反复性疾病”，也可直接说“a migraine attack”。它着重说明疾病的一次活动期，与表示突然开始影响身体的较宽泛用法相近，但常带有反复发作的背景。

She stayed home because of a severe migraine attack.

她因为严重的偏头痛发作而待在家里。
rare 音乐的起音力度

📖 在音乐中，指一个音开始时的冲击感，尤其涉及起音的力度和持续方式。
rare 音量起始时间

📖 在音频处理中，指声音从无声上升到最大音量所需要的时间；时间短就是起音快，时间长就是起音慢。
rare 葡萄酒的入口冲击

📖 在品酒中，指葡萄酒刚入口时给感官带来的第一印象或冲击。

attacks plural

verb

core 攻击；袭击

📖 指用暴力或其他强力主动伤害某人或某物，是名词“攻击”的动词形式。

💡 常用结构是“attack + 人或物”，也可说“be attacked by + 攻击者”。它是及物动词，通常直接接宾语；不要说“attack to someone”来表示“攻击某人”。

transitive

The snake will attack only when it feels threatened.

这条蛇只有感到受到威胁时才会攻击。

Several soldiers were attacked on their way home.

几名士兵在回家的路上遭到了袭击。
core 抨击；严厉批评

📖 指用语言、文章或公开言论猛烈挑战某人、观点或政策的价值和可信度。

💡 常用结构是“attack + 人或观点”，新闻标题中尤其常见，因为表达简短有力。它比“criticize”语气更强，通常带有对抗意味；不要把它用于普通的温和建议。

transitive

The senator attacked the proposal during the debate.

这名参议员在辩论中抨击了这项提议。
common 开始侵袭；使发作

📖 指疾病、腐蚀或其他有害过程开始作用于某人或某物，好像从某一刻起冲上来造成影响。

💡 常见结构是“be attacked by + 疾病或有害因素”，也可用主动结构表示某因素侵袭某物。这个用法比表示身体攻击更书面，常见于疾病、腐烂或损坏的描述；不要把它理解为有人在主动打人。

transitive

The old wood was attacked by damp and began to rot.

这块旧木头受到潮气侵蚀，开始腐烂。
common 着手处理

📖 非正式地表示直接开始做一项困难或数量很大的任务。

💡 常用结构是“attack + 任务”，例如“attack the homework”或“attack the problem”。这里不是暴力攻击，而是带着决心主动处理；正式场合可换成“开始处理”或“着手解决”。

transitive

Let's attack this problem one step at a time.

我们一步一步来解决这个问题吧。
rare 向击球员的三柱门进攻

📖 在板球术语中，指把球投向击球员的三柱门，试图让其出局。

transitive
rare 采取进攻性投球

📖 在板球术语中，指安排防守位置或投球方式，以积极争取让击球员出局。

intransitive
rare 积极击球得分

📖 在板球术语中，指采取大胆进攻的击球方式，以较快速度取得更多分数。

intransitive
rare 主动进攻得分

📖 在足球等比赛中，指球队主动向前推进并争取得分，而不是只防止对方得分。
rare 加速超越

📖 在自行车比赛中，指迅速加速，试图超过其他骑手。
rare 接近并形成化学键

📖 在化学中，指一个化学物种接近另一个化学物种或化学键，并准备与其形成新的化学键。

physical

attacks present,singular,third-person attacking participle,present attacked participle,past attacked past attackt obsolete,participle,past attackt obsolete,past attackted dialectal,obsolete,participle,past attackted dialectal,obsolete,past attack first-person,present,singular attacked first-person,past,singular attack present,second-person,singular attackest archaic,present,second-person,singular attacked past,second-person,singular attackedst archaic,past,second-person,singular attacketh archaic,present,singular,third-person attacked past,singular,third-person attack plural,present attacked past,plural attack present,subjunctive attacked past,subjunctive attack imperative,present - imperative,past

📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 15 组

begin to injure;

同义词集: attack

The cancer cells are attacking his liver

Rust is attacking the metal

上位: affect

a decisive manner of beginning a musical tone or phrase

同义词集: attack tone-beginning

上位: beginning, commencement, start

set to work upon; turn one's energies vigorously to a task

同义词集: attack

I attacked the problem as soon as I got out of bed

上位: begin, commence, get, get down, set about, set out, start, start out

an offensive move in a sport or game

同义词集: attack

they won the game with a 10-hit attack in the 9th inning

上位: play, turn

the act of attacking;

同义词集: attack attempt

attacks on women increased last year

they made an attempt on his life

上位: crime, criminal offence, criminal offense, law-breaking 下位: assault

attack in speech or writing

同义词集: attack round assail lash out snipe assault

The editors of the left-leaning paper attacked the new House Speaker

上位: criticise, criticize, knock, pick apart 下位: abuse, barrage, blackguard, blister, bombard, clapperclaw, claw, rip, rubbish, scald, shout, vitriol, whip

ideas or actions intended to deal with a problem or situation; ;

同义词集: approach attack plan of attack

his approach to every problem is to draw up a list of pros and cons

an attack on inflation

his plan of attack was misguided

上位: conceptualisation, conceptualization, formulation 下位: avenue

(military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

同义词集: attack onslaught onset onrush

the attack began at dawn

上位: military operation, operation 下位: blitz, blitzkrieg, bombardment, bombing, charge, diversion, diversionary attack, fire, firing, incursion, penetration, strike

take the initiative and go on the offensive;

同义词集: attack aggress

The Serbs attacked the village at night

The visiting team started to attack

上位: act, move 下位: check, fork, harass, pin, tackle

launch an attack or assault on; begin hostilities or start warfare with;

同义词集: attack assail

Hitler attacked Poland on September 1, 1939 and started World War II

Serbian forces assailed Bosnian towns all week

反义: defend 上位: contend, fight, struggle 下位: beleaguer, besiege, blitz, bomb, bombard, bust, circumvent, gas, hem in, hit, invade, occupy, pelt, pepper, raid, storm, strike, submarine, surprise, surround, torpedo

attack someone physically or emotionally;

同义词集: assail assault set on attack

The mugger assaulted the woman

Nightmares assailed him regularly

下位: assault, bait, beset, bulldog, desecrate, dishonor, dishonour, jump, outrage, profane, rape, ravish, rush, savage, set, set upon, sic, violate

strong criticism

同义词集: attack

he published an unexpected attack on my work

上位: criticism, unfavorable judgment 下位: aspersion, calumny, defamation, denigration, slander

intense adverse criticism; ;

同义词集: fire attack flak flack blast

Clinton directed his fire at the Republican Party

the government has come under attack

don't give me any flak

上位: criticism, unfavorable judgment

the onset of a corrosive or destructive process (as by a chemical agent);

同义词集: attack

the film was sensitive to attack by acids

open to attack by the elements

上位: degeneration, devolution

a sudden occurrence of an uncontrollable condition

同义词集: attack

an attack of diarrhea

上位: affliction 下位: apoplexy, cerebrovascular accident, convulsion, cva, fit, flare, ictus, occlusion, paroxysm, raptus, seizure, spot, stroke, touch

🌳 词源

来自法语 attaque，最终与表示“粘住、连接”的词根有关；“主动贴上去”的意象逐渐发展出“攻击”的意思。

Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd Proto-Italic *ad Proto-Italic *ad- Latin ad- Italian a- Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ Proto-Indo-European *d(w)is- Proto-Italic *dis- Latin dis- Old French des- Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- Proto-Germanic *stikaną Proto-West Germanic *stekander. Old French atachier Old French destachier Middle French destacherbor. Italian distaccare Italian staccare Italian attaccarebor. French attaquerdeverb. French attaquebor. English attack Borrowed from French attaque, derived from the verb attaquer, from Italian attaccare (“to join, attach”) (used in attaccare battaglia (“to join battle”)), from Frankish *stakkijan (“to stick, stick to, attach”). Doublet of attach. Displaced native Middle English onresen, from Old English onrǣsan (“to attack”); and Middle English resinge (“an assault, attack”) (compare Old English onrǣs (“an attack”)).

🔄 变式

- imperat attacked 1st_sg attackedst archaic attackest archaic attacketh archaic attacking present attacks plural attackt obsolete attackted dialect

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