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assume

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🇺🇸 /ʌsˈum/

verb 编号: A02535 牛津3000 BNC #886 COCA #1091

assume 主要表示“在没有充分证据时认为某事为真”，也可表示“承担职位、采取某种姿态或接受某人、某种思想”。

💡 记忆钩子

把某样东西“拿到自己这边来”：先把未经证实的想法当成真的，再把职位或责任接到自己身上，也可以把某种态度、事业或人纳入自己的范围。

📝 学习建议

先掌握“假定、认为”和“承担职位或责任”这两个核心义项，再学习“采取态度、接受事业或接纳某人”等延伸义。
assume 不只是“假装”；表示“假装”时通常是采取某种外在态度，表示“认为”时则是把某事暂时当作事实。

📖 中文释义

verb

core 假定；认为

📖 把尚未证实的事情先当作真的来推断或讨论，常常是为了继续作决定或分析。

💡 常用“assume that + 从句”或“assume + 名词/代词 + 补语”。它表示一种未经充分证明的判断，语气比“知道”弱；不要把它误解为“假装”，也不要用它表示已经确认的事实。

I assumed that the meeting had been canceled.

我以为会议已经取消了。

We cannot assume that everyone has received the message.

我们不能假定每个人都收到了消息。
core 承担；担任

📖 把职位、职责或某种身份接到自己身上，开始负责相应的工作或行动。

💡 常见搭配是“assume a position/role/responsibility/duty”，也可用“assume responsibility for + 名词”。这里不是“认为”，而是正式地接手职位或责任；在日常对话中，表示普通的“接手”时也常用更直接的说法。

She will assume responsibility for the project next month.

她下个月将负责这个项目。

He assumed the role of team leader after the manager left.

经理离开后，他担任了团队负责人。
common 采取；装出

📖 把某种外在态度、表情或举止表现出来，仿佛把这种状态穿在自己身上；有时带有不完全真诚或刻意表现的意味。

💡 常见结构是“assume an air/expression/attitude of + 名词”，或“assume a serious manner”。这种用法比普通口语更书面，不能简单替换所有“假装”；若强调故意欺骗，通常需要结合具体语境。

He assumed an air of confidence before the interview.

面试前，他装出一副自信的样子。
rare 接纳；收纳

📖 把某个人接纳进某个团体、身份或正式范围，属于较旧或较正式的用法。

💡 通常用于正式、历史或文学语境，常见于“assume someone into + 团体/身份”一类结构。现代日常英语中一般用“接纳、吸收、接收”等更直接的表达。
common 采纳；承担

📖 把某种思想、原则或事业接到自己这边，表示接受它并愿意按照它行动或为它负责。

💡 常见搭配是“assume a cause/idea/principle”，语气偏正式，强调主动接受并承担。它不是单纯“听说”或“了解”某个观点，而是把该观点或事业作为自己的立场。

The organization assumed the cause of protecting local forests.

这个组织承担起保护当地森林的事业。

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📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 9 组

put clothing on one's body; ; ; ;

同义词集: wear put on get into don assume

What should I wear today?

He put on his best suit for the wedding

The princess donned a long blue dress

The queen assumed the stately robes

He got into his jeans

上位: dress, get dressed 下位: hat, scarf, try, try on

take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect; ; ; ;

同义词集: assume acquire adopt take on take

His voice took on a sad tone

The story took a new turn

he adopted an air of superiority

She assumed strange manners

The gods assume human or animal form in these fables

上位: change

take to be the case or to be true; accept without verification or proof

同义词集: assume presume take for granted

I assume his train was late

上位: anticipate, expect 下位: presuppose, suppose

take up someone's soul into heaven

同义词集: assume

This is the day when Mary was assumed into heaven

上位: invite, receive, take in

make a pretence of;

同义词集: simulate assume sham feign

She assumed indifference, even though she was seething with anger

he feigned sleep

上位: act, dissemble, pretend 下位: play

occupy or take on; ; ; ;

同义词集: assume take strike take up

He assumes the lotus position

She took her seat on the stage

We took our seats in the orchestra

She took up her position behind the tree

strike a pose

上位: move

seize and take control without authority and possibly with force; take as one's right or possession; ;

同义词集: assume usurp seize take over arrogate

He assumed to himself the right to fill all positions in the town

he usurped my rights

She seized control of the throne after her husband died

上位: take 下位: annex, appropriate, capture, conquer, hijack, raid, seize

take on as one's own the expenses or debts of another person;

同义词集: bear take over accept assume

I'll accept the charges

She agreed to bear the responsibility

上位: take

take on titles, offices, duties, responsibilities

同义词集: assume adopt take on take over

When will the new President assume office?

下位: resume

🌳 词源

源自拉丁语，核心含义与“拿取、接受”有关。

From Latin assūmō (“accept, take”), from ad- (“to, towards, at”) + sūmō (“take up, assume”).

🔄 变式

- imperat assumed 1st_sg assumedst archaic assumes present assumest archaic assumeth archaic assuming present

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