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assign
★★
🇺🇸 /ʌsˈaɪn/
assign主要表示“把某人或某物明确分配、指定到某个位置、任务、类别或数值上”;作名词时指被指定的受让人等,属于罕见或过时用法。
💡 记忆钩子
把一个对象贴上标签并放到指定位置:可以给某人指定职位,给某人分配任务,把事物归入类别,把财产转给别人,甚至给变量贴上一个数值标签。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握“分配任务”和“指定某人担任职务”这两个日常动词义,再学习法律和计算机语境。
- 不要把它只理解成“分配东西”;它也常表示“指定、归类”或“赋值”。
📖 中文释义
noun
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rare 受让人📖 指被指定接受财产、权利或某种安排的人,也就是被“指定到”某项权利上的人。
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rare 附属物📖 指与另一物相联系、附属于另一物的东西,是历史或过时用法。obsolete
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rare 指定;任命📖 指一次指定或任命本身,现代英语中通常不用这个名词义。obsolete
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rare 目标;意图📖 指某人想达到的目标或目的,属于过时用法,可看作“被指定的方向”。obsolete
assigns
plural
verb
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core 指定用途;划定📖 把某个时间、地点、资源或其他事物明确留给某种用途,相当于在它上面贴标签并规定它要用于什么。💡 常用“assign 某物 for/to 某用途”或“assign a time/place for 某事”。这个义项强调正式安排和明确用途,不能简单替换所有表示“使用”的动词;“assign ... to ...”后面的内容通常是任务、用途或对象。transitiveThe manager assigned a room for the interview.经理为面试指定了一间房间。The court assigned a date for the hearing.法院为听证会确定了日期。
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common 指定任职;指派📖 把某人指定到某个职位、职责或服务安排中,让这个人负责相应的工作。💡 常用“assign 某人 to a role/team”或“assign 某人 as 某职位”。它表示由有权力的人作出安排,不只是建议某人去做某事;注意不要和表示“任命为最高职位”的更正式表达混为一谈。transitiveShe was assigned to lead the safety team.她被指派领导安全小组。
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core 分配任务📖 把一项任务、工作或责任交给某人完成;这里的核心仍是把任务明确放到某人名下。💡 最常见结构是“assign a task to 某人”或“assign 某人 a task”,也常说“assign 某人 to do something”。它通常暗示任务来自上级、老师或系统;不要误解为对方已经完成了任务。transitiveThe teacher assigned us a short essay.老师给我们布置了一篇短文。I was assigned to check the invoices.我被分配去核对发票。
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common 归类;归因📖 把某物归入某个类别,或把某种特征、原因归到某个对象上,实质上是给它确定一个归属标签。💡 常用“assign 某物 to a category”表示归类,也常用“assign 某结果 to 某原因”表示归因。这个义项多见于分析、研究和正式说明;不要把它理解成毫无根据地猜测,通常需要有分类或判断依据。transitiveThe software automatically assigns each message to a category.这个软件会自动把每条消息归入一个类别。
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common 转让财产或权利📖 把财产、合同权利或法律上的权益从一个人正式转给另一个人。💡 法律语境中常用“assign a right/contract to 某人”或“assign 某物 to 某人”。这一用法涉及正式转让,不等于日常口语中的暂时借给或交给别人;宾语通常是权利、合同、租约等法律对象。transitiveThe company assigned the contract to its new partner.公司把合同转让给了新的合作伙伴。
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common 给变量赋值📖 在数学、编程或工程中,把一个确定的数值放入变量中,使该变量代表这个值。💡 常用结构是“assign a value to a variable”,编程中也常说“assign 某值 to 某变量”。这里的对象是变量和值,不是把实物交给某人;在不同编程语言中,具体赋值符号可能不同,但这个动词结构相同。transitiveThe program assigns zero to the counter at the start.程序开始时把零赋给计数器。
assigns
present,singular,third-person
assigning
participle,present
assigned
participle,past
assigned
past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 8 组
select something or someone for a specific purpose
同义词集:
assign
specify
set apart
The teacher assigned him to lead his classmates in the exercise
上位: choose, pick out, select, take
下位: dedicate, detail
attribute or credit to;
同义词集:
impute
ascribe
assign
attribute
We attributed this quotation to Shakespeare
People impute great cleverness to cats
上位: evaluate, judge, pass judgment
下位: accredit, blame, charge, credit, externalise, externalize, project
decide as to where something belongs in a scheme
同义词集:
assign
attribute
The biologist assigned the mushroom to the proper class
上位: evaluate, judge, pass judgment
下位: classify, relegate
attribute or give; ;
同义词集:
put
assign
She put too much emphasis on her the last statement
He put all his efforts into this job
The teacher put an interesting twist to the interpretation of the story
上位: apply, employ, use, utilise, utilize
下位: repose
transfer one's right to
同义词集:
assign
上位: transfer
give out
同义词集:
assign
allot
portion
We were assigned new uniforms
上位: administer, allot, deal, deal out, dish out, dispense, distribute, dole out, lot, mete out, parcel out, shell out
下位: allocate, allow, apportion, appropriate, earmark, reserve, set aside
make undue claims to having
同义词集:
arrogate
assign
上位: arrogate, claim, lay claim
give an assignment to (a person) to a post, or assign a task to (a person)
同义词集:
delegate
designate
depute
assign
上位: appoint, charge
下位: advance, break, bump, cast, delegate, demote, depute, devolve, elevate, kick downstairs, kick upstairs, mandate, place, post, promote, raise, reassign, regiment, relegate, task, transfer, upgrade
🌳 词源
源自拉丁语,原意与“标记、作记号”有关,后来发展出“指定、分配”的含义。
Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd
Proto-Italic *ad
Proto-Italic *ad-
Latin ad-
Proto-Indo-European *sek-?
Proto-Indo-European *-nóm
Proto-Italic *segnom
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.
Proto-Italic *-ājō
Proto-Italic *-āō
Proto-Italic *segnāō
Latin signō
Latin assignōlbor.
Old French assignerbor.
Middle English assignen
English assign
From Middle English assignen, from Old French assigner, asigner, from Latin assignō, from ad- + signō (“mark, sign”).
🔄 变式
assigned
past
assigning
present
assigns
plural
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