assess

动词，表示仔细评估某事物的价值、情况或结果，也可指由有权机构评定罚款或核定应缴税额。

💡 记忆钩子

把事情想象成被放到桌上坐下来仔细称量：先“衡量”它的价值或情况，进一步就能由裁判“评定”处罚，或由税务部门“核定”应缴的金额。

📝 学习建议

建议先记住“评估、判断”这一核心义，再把罚款和税款看作由权威机构作出的具体评定。
不要把 assess 和表示“进入、访问”的 access 混淆；两者拼写相近，意义完全不同。

📖 中文释义

verb

core 评估；判断

📖 指经过观察、分析或考虑后，对某件事的价值、状况、风险或结果作出判断。重点不是随口猜测，而是有依据地衡量。

💡 常用“assess + 情况、风险、价值、影响”等名词，表示对对象作系统判断；也可用“assess whether/what/how”等结构引出需要判断的内容。它通常比一般的“看看”或“想想”更正式、更有分析意味。不要把它理解成只表示数字估算，很多非数字的情况也可以用它。

transitive

The nurse assessed the patient's condition before calling the doctor.

护士在叫医生之前评估了病人的情况。

We need to assess the risks before making a decision.

我们需要在作决定前评估风险。
common 评定处罚

📖 指裁判、监管机构或其他有权者根据违规行为正式确定处罚，尤其是罚款或比赛中的罚罚分等。这里强调的是“定出应受的处罚”，不只是笼统地表示惩罚。

💡 常用“assess a penalty/fine”或“assess + 处罚对象 + a penalty”等结构，表示正式判定处罚；被处罚的对象通常放在介词短语中或作间接宾语。这个义项多见于比赛规则、法律和监管语境，不宜随意替换所有表示“惩罚”的场合。

transitive

The referee assessed a penalty against our team for wasting time.

裁判因我们队拖延时间而判罚了我们队。
common 核定税额

📖 指税务部门根据申报资料和相关规定，计算并正式确定个人或机构应缴的税额。它说的是“核定应缴多少”，不一定表示税款已经收取。

💡 常用“assess tax”或“assess the amount of tax owed”，对象可以是个人、公司或其应缴金额。该用法主要出现在税务、财务和官方文件中，语气正式。不要把 assess 误解成单纯的缴税或收税；它强调的是官方计算和确定金额。

transitive

The tax office will assess how much she owes after reviewing her return.

税务部门审核她的纳税申报后，会核定她应缴多少税。

assesses present,singular,third-person assessing participle,present assessed participle,past assessed past

📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 4 组

evaluate or estimate the nature, quality, ability, extent, or significance of;

同义词集: measure evaluate valuate assess appraise value

I will have the family jewels appraised by a professional

access all the factors when taking a risk

上位: evaluate, judge, pass judgment 下位: censor, grade, mark, praise, rate, reassess, reevaluate, score, value

estimate the value of (property) for taxation

同义词集: assess

Our house hasn't been assessed in years

上位: approximate, estimate, gauge, guess, judge

set or determine the amount of (a payment such as a fine)

同义词集: tax assess

上位: determine, set

charge (a person or a property) with a payment, such as a tax or a fine

同义词集: assess

上位: bill, charge

🌳 词源

源自中古英语，最终与拉丁语中表示“朝向”与“坐下”的词根有关，原有“坐下来衡量、评定”的意味。

Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd Proto-Italic *ad Proto-Italic *ad- Latin ad- Proto-Indo-European *sed- Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti Proto-Indo-European *sedéh₁yeti Proto-Italic *sedēō Latin sedeō Latin assideō Latin assessus Medieval Latin assessareder. Old French assesserbor. Middle English assessen English assess From Middle English assessen, from Old French assesser, from Medieval Latin assessare, originally the frequentative of Latin assessus, past participle of assidēre, from ad (“to, towards, at”) + sedeō (“sit; settle down”). Cognate with Spanish asentar (“to settle”).

🔄 变式

assessed past assesses present assessing present

🏷 单词标签 & 词根