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advise
★★★
🇺🇸 /ædvˈaɪz/
“advise”主要是动词,表示把自己认为有用的意见告诉别人,也可表示正式通知;作名词时不是标准拼写,通常应写作“advice”。
💡 记忆钩子
把“看见前面的路”想成核心画面:你先看出什么做法更合适,再把判断告诉别人,就是提出建议;如果把信息正式传达出去,就是通知。较早或特殊的用法还可从“先看、再考虑”引申出审议、征询意见等意思。
📝 学习建议
- 先掌握动词“提出建议”和“正式告知”两条主线,再记忆较旧或法律、官方语境中的意思。
- 不要把“advise”当作名词“建议”;名词应使用“advice”。还要注意“advise”通常表示给出建议这一动作,而不是建议本身。
📖 中文释义
noun
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rare “advice”的误写📖 作为名词时通常只是“advice”的拼写错误,不应当作标准词义来学习。💡 名词位置应写“advice”,例如“some advice”而不是“some advise”。“advise”标准上主要作动词使用,因此把它当作“建议”这一名词会造成词性错误。alt-of misspelling
verb
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core 建议某人做某事📖 把你认为更合适的做法告诉某人,希望对方照着做;画面就是你先看清前面的路,再给对方指路。💡 常用“advise + 人 + to do”,例如表示建议某人尽快离开;也可用“advise + 人 + against + doing”表示劝某人不要做某事。不要说“advise someone doing”来表达直接建议某人做某事;与人作宾语时通常需要“to do”结构。transitiveThe doctor advised me to get more sleep.医生建议我多睡一会儿。I advised her to check the address before leaving.我建议她出发前核对一下地址。
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core 推荐某种做法📖 不直接针对某个人,而是把某种行动说成值得采用的办法;这仍然是“看清哪条路更好后给出指引”。💡 常用“advise + doing”或“advise that + 从句”,后面接一种普遍适用的做法。这里不要再加人作直接宾语;若要说建议某人这样做,应改用“advise + 人 + to do”。transitiveMost travel guides advise booking a room in advance.大多数旅行指南都建议提前订房。
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common 正式告知📖 把某项事实、风险或决定正式传达给某人,重点不是劝对方采取行动,而是让对方知道情况。💡 常用“advise + 人 + of + 名词”或“advise + 人 + that从句”,也常见于通知、客服、医疗和商务书信。不要把这里的“advise”一律理解成“建议”;如果只是普通地说“告诉”,日常口语通常会用更普通的表达。transitivePassengers were advised of the delay at the station.车站已正式通知乘客列车晚点。
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rare 审议,仔细考虑📖 指先对事情进行考虑和权衡,再决定如何处理,是“看清情况后作判断”这一核心画面的旧用法。intransitive
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rare 观看,看见📖 这是已经过时的用法,直接表示看见或察看,可看作“先看清再判断”的词源性旧义。obsolete transitive
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rare 商议,征询意见📖 这是过时用法,表示和别人商量或征求意见,仍与“共同看清并判断该怎么做”有关。intransitive obsolete
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rare 案件保留后作出裁决📖 在苏格兰法律语境中,指法官经过进一步审议后作出判决,是“考虑之后给出判断”的专门用法。
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rare 向君主或国家元首正式报告📖 在正式、官方语境中,表示向君主或国家元首提供对方此前要求的信息,是“正式告知”义的特殊用法。formal transitive
advises
present,singular,third-person
advising
participle,present
advised
participle,past
advised
past
advise
first-person,present,singular
advised
first-person,past,singular
advise
present,second-person,singular
advisest
archaic,present,second-person,singular
advised
past,second-person,singular
advisedst
archaic,past,second-person,singular
adviseth
archaic,present,singular,third-person
advised
past,singular,third-person
advise
plural,present
advised
past,plural
advise
present,subjunctive
advised
past,subjunctive
advise
imperative,present
-
imperative,past
📘 英文释义 (WordNet)
共 3 组
give advice to;
同义词集:
rede
advise
counsel
The teacher counsels troubled students
The lawyer counselled me when I was accused of tax fraud
上位: discuss, hash out, talk over
下位: admonish, consult, deter, discourage, dissuade, exhort, monish, press, tip, tip off, urge, urge on, warn
inform (somebody) of something
同义词集:
advise
notify
give notice
send word
apprise
apprize
I advised him that the rent was due
上位: inform
make a proposal, declare a plan for something
同义词集:
propose
suggest
advise
the senator proposed to abolish the sales tax
上位: declare
下位: advance, advocate, make a motion, move, posit, proposition, put forward, recommend, state, submit, throw out, urge
🌳 词源
源自中古英语和古法语,和表示“意见、建议”的“advice”同源,词源可追溯到拉丁语中“看见”的词根。
Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd
Proto-Italic *ad
Latin ad
Old French a
Proto-Indo-European *weyd-
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Indo-European *widtós
Proto-Italic *wissos
Latin vīsus
Old French vis
Old French avis
Old French aviserbor.
Middle English avisen
▲
Proto-Italic *ad
Proto-Italic *ad-
Latin ad-
Proto-Indo-European *weyd-
Proto-Indo-European *-(h₁)seti
Proto-Indo-European *wéydseti
Proto-Italic *weidsō
Latin visō
Late Latin advisōder.
English advise
From Middle English avisen (“to perceive, consider, inform”), from Old French aviser, from avis, or from Late Latin advisō, from ad + visō. See also advice.
🔄 变式
-
imperat
advised
1st_sg
advisedst
archaic
advises
present
advisest
archaic
adviseth
archaic
advising
present
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