abandon

核心是“放手”：可以放弃某物或某项行动，抛下某人或某处，也可以不再控制自己而任凭情感支配；名词则表示这种不受约束的状态。

💡 记忆钩子

把 abandon 想成“松开手”：松开对计划、职位或权利的手，就是放弃；松开对某人、某地或某物的责任，就是抛下；松开对自我的控制，就是任凭情感和冲动支配。名词 abandon 表示这种彻底放开约束的状态，尤其常见于 with abandon。

📝 学习建议

先掌握“放弃计划或行动”和“抛下人或物”这两条主线，再学习正式的权利、保险用法。
abandon 的语气通常比普通的“离开”更强，常暗含不再回来、不给支持或不再承担责任；不要把它当作所有“离开”的中性说法。
看到 abandon oneself 时，要理解为“放开自我控制、任凭情感支配”，不是单纯的“放弃自己”。

📖 中文释义

noun

common 毫无顾忌；尽情

📖 指松开自我约束，不再过分考虑后果，任凭情感、冲动或兴奋自然流露；可以把它看成“放手”这一核心动作形成的状态。

💡 常见句型是 with abandon，放在动作或行为后面，表示“尽情地做某事”。它多用于描写热情、快乐或冲动的状态，通常不单独用来表示普通的“放弃”。

countable uncountable

The children danced with abandon at the wedding.

孩子们在婚礼上毫无顾忌地跳起舞来。
rare 放弃；舍弃

📖 这是名词的古旧用法，表示把某物或某种权利彻底放手，和动词“放弃”的意义相连。

countable obsolete uncountable

abandons plural

verb

core 放开控制；任凭情感支配

📖 既可以指放弃对某事的控制，也可以指放开对自己的约束，任凭情感、欲望或冲动支配自己。

💡 常见句型是 abandon oneself to + 名词或动名词，表示“任凭自己沉浸于某种情感或活动”。直接接事物时，则表示放弃对它的控制；不要把 oneself 结构误解成单纯的“伤害自己”。

transitive

After years of caution, she abandoned herself to the joy of dancing.

谨慎了多年之后，她终于尽情享受跳舞的快乐。

He abandoned himself to anger and said things he regretted.

他任由愤怒支配自己，说了些后来后悔的话。
core 放弃；停止坚持

📖 指不再继续做、支持或遵循某件事，例如计划、习惯、做法、观点或承诺；重点是把原本抓住的东西放开。

💡 常见句型是 abandon + 计划、项目、习惯或想法，也可以接动名词表示放弃正在进行的活动。它通常暗示彻底停止，而不是短暂暂停；不要只把它理解成“忘记”。

transitive

The team abandoned the project after the costs doubled.

费用翻了一倍后，团队放弃了这个项目。
core 抛下；遗弃

📖 指把人、地点或物品留在身后，不再照料、陪伴或承担相应责任，尤其是在困难或危险情况下离开。

💡 常见句型是 abandon + 人、地点或交通工具，也常见于被动结构，表示“被遗弃”。这个词比普通的 leave 语气更重，常含有不负责任地抛下之意；不要用于只是按计划离开某地的中性场景。

transitive

The hikers abandoned their car when the road became impassable.

道路无法通行后，徒步者们只好把汽车留在那里。
rare 制服；控制

📖 这是过时的用法，表示制服某人或取得控制权，可看作“放手”核心意义的历史性反向发展。

obsolete transitive
rare 驱逐；排斥

📖 这是过时的用法，表示把某人赶出去或拒之门外，和现代常用的“放弃、抛下”不是学习重点。

obsolete transitive
common 放弃权利或职位

📖 指正式地不再行使或主张某项权利、头衔、职位或利益，并通常不打算重新取回。

💡 常见句型是 abandon + 权利、职位或利益，常用于声明、法律和行政语境。它强调正式放弃，不等于暂时辞职、暂停行使权利或单纯失去某物。

transitive

She abandoned her claim to the property and moved on.

她放弃了对这处房产的主张，继续开始新的生活。
rare 向保险方交出受损物

📖 这是保险专业用法，指被保险人把受损物交给保险方，并以此申请按全损理赔；本质上仍是把对该物的控制和权益放手。

💡 常见句型是 abandon + insured property，通常只出现在保险合同或理赔文件中。日常谈论丢弃物品时不要使用这一专业义。

transitive

abandons present,singular,third-person abandoning participle,present abandoned participle,past abandoned past abandon first-person,present,singular abandoned first-person,past,singular abandon present,second-person,singular abandonest archaic,present,second-person,singular abandoned past,second-person,singular abandonedst archaic,past,second-person,singular abandoneth archaic,present,singular,third-person abandoned past,singular,third-person abandon plural,present abandoned past,plural abandon present,subjunctive abandoned past,subjunctive abandon imperative,present - imperative,past

📘 英文释义 (WordNet) 共 7 组

stop maintaining or insisting on; of ideas or claims;

同义词集: abandon give up

He abandoned the thought of asking for her hand in marriage

Both sides have to give up some claims in these negotiations

leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch

同义词集: abandon forsake desolate desert

The mother deserted her children

上位: leave 下位: ditch, expose, maroon, strand

leave behind empty; move out of

同义词集: vacate empty abandon

You must vacate your office by tonight

上位: go away, go forth, leave

give up with the intent of never claiming again; ;

同义词集: abandon give up

Abandon your life to God

She gave up her children to her ex-husband when she moved to Tahiti

We gave the drowning victim up for dead

下位: foreswear, quit, relinquish, renounce

forsake, leave behind

同义词集: abandon

We abandoned the old car in the empty parking lot

上位: cast aside, cast away, cast out, chuck out, discard, dispose, fling, put away, throw away, throw out, toss, toss away, toss out 下位: chuck, ditch, forego, forfeit, forgo, give up, throw overboard, waive

the trait of lacking restraint or control; reckless freedom from inhibition or worry

同义词集: abandon wantonness unconstraint

she danced with abandon

a feeling of extreme emotional intensity

同义词集: wildness abandon

the wildness of his anger

上位: passion, passionateness

🌳 词源

动词和名词都源自古法语，词源本义与“置于他人管辖或控制之下”有关，后来发展出“放手、放弃”的核心意义。

Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd Proto-Italic *ad Latin ad Old French a Proto-Germanic *bannanąder. Frankish *bannder. Old French ban Proto-Indo-European *deh₃- Proto-Indo-European *-r̥ Proto-Indo-European *dóh₃r̥ ~ *déh₃n̥s Proto-Indo-European *-om Proto-Indo-European *déh₃nom Proto-Italic *dōnom Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Proto-Italic *dōnāō? Latin donāre Old French doner Old French a ban doner Old French abandonerder. Middle English abandounen English abandon From Middle English abandounen, from Old French abandoner, formed from a (“at, to”) + bandon (“jurisdiction, control”), from Late Latin bannum (“proclamation”), bannus, bandum, from Frankish *ban, *bann, from Proto-Germanic *bannaną (“to proclaim, command”) (whence English ban), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to speak”). See also ban, banal. Displaced Middle English forleten (“to abandon”), from Old English forlǣtan, anforlǣtan; see forlet; and Middle English forleven (“to leave behind, abandon”), from Old English forlǣfan; see forleave. Compare typologically abdicate, Russian отказа́ться (otkazátʹsja) (akin to приказа́ть (prikazátʹ), сказа́ть (skazátʹ), указа́ть (ukazátʹ)).

🔄 变式

- imperat abandoned 1st_sg abandonedst archaic abandonest archaic abandoneth archaic abandoning present abandons plural

🏷 单词标签 & 词根