🏛️ Gettysburg Address

葛底斯堡演说 · Abraham Lincoln · 272词的不朽名篇

Gettysburg Address

作者Abraham Lincoln 年代1863 体裁演讲词数272 words

📖 原文 Original

¶1 Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

¶2 Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war.

¶3 We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

¶4 But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate — we can not consecrate — we can not hallow — this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract.

¶5 The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.

¶6 It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us — that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion — that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain.

¶7 That this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom — and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

💡 解析 Analysis

¶1 开篇点题

核心词汇

four score and seven87 年（score=20）
conceived in Liberty孕育于自由
proposition主张、命题

修辞分析

"Four score and seven years ago" 模仿《圣经》口吻，将建国与宗教叙事结合。三个平行结构：brought forth → conceived → dedicated，层层递进。

译文：八十七年前，我们的先辈在这片大陆上建立了一个新的国家，它孕育于自由，致力于人人生而平等的主张。

¶2-3 战争背景

核心词汇

civil war内战（1861-1865）
endure存续、坚持
dedicate奉献、献身
consecrate使神圣化

句法解析

"testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure" — whether 引导宾语从句，两个 so 构成平行结构，强调"如此孕育、如此献身"的国家能否存续。

¶4 转折升华

修辞分析

"But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate — we can not consecrate — we can not hallow — this ground" — 三个 we can not 构成 三重否定排比，语气从陈述变为强调。破折号的使用增强节奏感。

译文：但从更广泛的意义上说，我们不能奉献——我们不能使神圣——我们不能使这片土地成为圣地。

¶5 永恒记忆

修辞分析

"The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here" — 这是全文最著名的对比句。what we say 与 what they did 形成对照，将"说"的渺小与"做"的永恒并列。

¶6-7 不朽结语

核心词汇

unfinished work未竟事业
last full measure of devotion最后一次完全的献身（指牺牲生命）
shall not have died in vain不会白白牺牲
government of the people民有、民治、民享的政府

主题升华

结尾 "government of the people, by the people, for the people" 是民主政治的经典定义，被世界各国引用。全文仅 272 词，却完成了从悼念到号召再到定义民主的完整升华。

译文：这个国家，在上帝的庇佑下，将获得自由的新生——而民有、民治、民享的政府，将不会从地球上消失。

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